Visintainer - Time Travel Physics for Beginners: Understanding the Possibilities of Time Travel

Time Travel Physics for Beginners

Understanding the Possibilities of Time Travel

Lisa Visintainer

2020 Lisa Visintainer

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First edition

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The original work was written in German

Translated by Ilias Thiesseas

Front cover image by Ilias Thiesseas

Book design by Ilias Thiesseas

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Abstract

When it comes to time travel, even among scientists there are controversial Discussions. While some natural scientists are firmly convinced that travel through time is quite possible, others reject it completely. Therefore, it would be interesting to know whether time travel is science or just fiction.

As an introduction, the work deals with Albert Einstein's theories of relativity, which today form one of the most important foundations of physics. They explain many aspects of the universe and thus also play an important role in time travel. After this introduction, black holes are briefly discussed, as they could play an important role in time travel. Then the concept of time is examined in more detail. The present paper should show how time is defined or which different approaches are used to describe time, for example by so-called time arrows. Furthermore, time machines or methods with which it would be possible to travel through time, such as a "special relativistic turbo capsule", a "general relativistic parking capsule" or wormholes, are analyzed. The work is concluded with the paradoxes that may arise under certain circumstances, such as the grandfather paradox or the twin paradox, and their solutions.

For the work, mainly book material from renowned physicists has been used. However, established magazines and online media have also been chosen for more generally known information or current events.

Table of Contents

If time travel is possible, where are the tourists from the future?

Stephen Hawking (cf.: Kaku, 2016, p. 276)

'[Time traveling] contradicts logic,' said Filby. 'What logic?' said the time traveler.

H. G. Wells (cf.: Kaku, 2016, p. 276)

People who believe in physics, like us, know that the distinction between past, present and future is only a particularly persistent illusion.

Albert Einstein (cf.: Kaku, 2017, p. 367)

People who believe in physics, like us, know that the distinction between past, present and future is only a particularly persistent illusion. -(cf.: Mller, 2016, S. 19)

These are just some of the aphorisms I came across while writing my book. They show how different opinions are about time, space and time travel. The one or other aphorism is also the reason for the creation of this book. Especially that one by Stephen Hawking has kept me very busy. Because he is probably right: Nobody has ever met a time traveler from the future. If time travel were possible, one or the other time traveler could surely have strayed into our present.

The universe is very multifaceted. It includes the world of the smallest particles to the largest suns and galaxies. Since my childhood I have read books about our solar system, the structure of planets and stars. My interest started with the book "Your colorful dictionary of space", which explained some aspects of the universe in simple language and with illustrations. The universe has fascinated me all my life. Many hobbies come and go, and as you get older, your interests often change. It has been the same with me. However, the mysteries of the universe have been with me since I was a child and that is why I decided to formulate a problem in connection with the universe for my book.

I came to the specified field of time travel primarily through the film trilogy "Back to the Future" from the 1980s. I liked the combination of humor and science very much, and I wanted to learn more about time travel and if this is really possible. The film "Interstellar", which was released in 2014, also deals with time travel. The theoretical physicist Kip Thorne was involved in the creation of the film. Thus, most of the physical aspects in the film are scientifically based. So, it is not only (science-) fiction (cf.: Hummel, https://www.zeit.de/wissen/2014-11/interstellar-physik [accessed: 06.02.2020]).

I also read about an "experiment" by Stephen Hawking, in which he wanted to show that time travel is not possible. He had organized a party for time travelers in 2009. However, nobody came to the celebration, because he had sent the invitations the day after (cf.: Hawking, 2018, p. 168).

If it were possible to travel through time, it would change humanity. What would happen if everyone had the possibility to move back and forth in time? Finding out if it is possible or not is therefore of great importance. This given the fact that we have never had so many technical possibilities as today.

The literature used for the work consists mainly of print media. The sources are from high-ranking physicists who have also been very interested in time in general. I read the definitions and opinions about the different problems and compared them to draw my own conclusions from many different views.

In my work I will try to find out if time travel is possible or if it belongs more to the science fiction scene. At first, I will give a compact description of the most important results of Albert Einstein's theories of relativity (special and general), because today they are the basis for the explanation of all physical events in the universe and thus basically also for time travel. In addition, I will deal with the concept of time, and the construction of time machines will be discussed. Further on I will discuss possible time paradoxes and the solutions proposed for them.

The probably most famous physicist of the 20th century, Albert Einstein, completely changed the world view in physics with his two theories of relativity. The STR, which was published in 1905, has become one of the most important theories of the 20th century (cf.: Apolin, 2008, p. 4). Until 1905, space and time were seen as absolute and unchangeable. Einstein's STR and General Theory of Relativity (GTR) describe not only processes in the universe but also events on Earth. However, in everyday life these effects are not noticeable to people, as they are very small and hardly measurable (cf.: Putz/ Jahn, 2019, p. 201).