Anthropology For Dummies
by Cameron M. Smith, PhD
with Evan T. Davies, PhD
Anthropology For Dummies
Published by
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
111 River St.
Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774
www.wiley.com
Copyright 2008 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier!, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom.
For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002.
For technical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008931633
ISBN: 9780470279663
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
About the Authors
Cameron M. Smith s fascination with humanity was sparked on a 1984 trip to Mexicos Maya ruins; by 1987, he was a student of both Harvard Universitys early human archaeology field school at Kenyas Leakey research station and the University of Londons Institute of Archaeology. He then went to Durham University in northern England for a Joint Honours BA in Anthropology & Archaeology, followed by an MA in Anthropology at Portland State University (in Portland, Oregon) and a PhD from Canadas Simon Fraser University.
Since 2002, Dr. Smith has taught a wide variety of courses as an Adjunct Associate Professor at Portland State Universitys Department of Anthropology; he has also taught at Washington State University and Linfield College.
Dr. Smiths scientific works have been published in journals such as the American Journal of Physical Anthropology and the Journal of Field Archaeology and books published by International Monographs in Prehistory and Oxfords British Archaeology Reports. His research has been supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the National Science Foundation-funded Barrow Arctic Science Consortium.
Reaching out from the academic world, Dr. Smith has written popular-science articles for Scientific American MIND, Archaeology, Playboy, Spaceflight, Skeptical Inquirer, South American Explorer, The Next Step, Cultural Survival Quarterly, The Bulletin of Primitive Technology , and other magazines. Anthropology For Dummies is Dr. Smiths second book. His first, written with Charles Sullivan, was The Top Ten Myths About Evolution (Prometheus, 2006).
Outside his academic pursuits, Dr. Smith enjoys mountaineering, art, and arctic exploration. He is a Life Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, a Fellow of The Explorers Club and a member of the Society for Human Performance in Extreme Environments. His Web site, www.cameronmsmith.com, covers his recent writing, academic, and expedition activities.
Evan T. Davies received his BA from Cornell University where he began his studies in anthropology. He earned a PhD in cultural anthropology from Rice University, and has conducted fieldwork throughout Europe, the South Pacific, and in many locations throughout sub-Saharan Africa. His doctoral dissertation reported on the land use patterns of the BaAka foragers of the central African rainforests whose subsistence and hunting strategies he studied while living with them through the seasons. He has recently become involved with the protection of archaeological sites in Iraq.
Dedications
From Cameron: I dedicate this book to all the anthropologists who have spent careers investigating fundamental questions about humanity, and to their hosts, the indigenous folk of everywhere from Africa to Australia.
From Evan: To my parents, and every good teacher I ever had.
Authors' Acknowledgments
From Cameron: Id like to thank my parents, professors Donald E. and Margit J. Posluschny Smith, for stimulating my interest in the human species in the first place and then supporting my education, worldwide, for many years.
I also thank all of my professors, from Britain to Canada and the United States, from physical anthropologists to cultural anthropologists to linguists and many, many archaeologists. There are too many to name, though I can highlight Professors Brian Hayden, Kenneth M. Ames, Anthony Harding, Anthony Bilsborough, and the late Jack Nance.
Although I wrote the bulk of this book, I turned to my friend Dr. Evan T. Davies to draft Chapter 12 on how cultural anthropologists do their fieldwork. Dr. Davies experience runs from field experiences in the Congo to New Guinea and the Near East, and I thank him for his work on this chapter.