Introducing Geology
Companion titles:
Introducing Palaeontology A Guide to Ancient Life (2010)
Introducing Volcanology ~ A Guide to Hot Rocks (2011)
Introducing Geomorphology A Guide to the Landforms and Processes (2012)
Introducing Meteorology ~ A Guide to the Weather (forthcoming 2012)
Introducing Tectonics, Rock Structures and Mountain Belts (forthcoming 2012)
Introducing Oceanography (forthcoming 2012)
For further details of these and other Dunedin
Earth and Environmental Sciences titles see
www.dunedinacademicpress.co.uk
ISBN 978-1-906716-15-8
ISBN 978-1-906716-22-6
ISBN 978-1-906716-32-5
ISBN 978-1-780460-02-4
ISBN 978-1-906716-26-4
ISBN 978-1-780460-01-7
Introducing Geology
A Guide to the World of Rocks
SECOND EDITION
Graham Park
Published by
Dunedin Academic Press Ltd
www.dunedinacademicpress.co.uk
Head Office
Hudson House, 8 Albany Street
Edinburgh, EH1 3QB
London Office
The Towers, 54 Vartry Road,
London, N15 6PU
Paperback book: 9781906716219
ePub: 9781903544402
ePub (Amazon/Kindle): 9781903544624
ePub (iPad, Fixed Layout): 9781903544631
2010 Graham Park
First published 2006, reprinted 2008, 2009
Second Edition 2010, reprinted 2012
The right of Graham Park to be identified as the author of this book has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 & 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means or stored in any retrieval system of any nature without prior written permission, except for fair dealing under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or in accordance with a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Society in respect of photocopying or reprographic reproduction. Full acknowledgment as to author, publisher and source must be given. Application for permission for any other use of copyright material should be made in writing to the publisher.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Design, pre-press production and typesetting by Makar Publishing Production, Edinburgh Printed and bound in Poland by Hussar Books
Acknowledgements
I am indebted to Mrs Anne Shelley of the Orcadian Stone Company, Golspie, Sutherland, for allowing me to photograph some of the excellent specimens of fossils and minerals in her geological museum. My thanks are also due to Anne Morton of Dunedin Academic Press and an anonymous reviewer of the draft of the first edition for their numerous helpful suggestions, and to Professor Charles Holland of Trinity College, Dublin for his careful review of chapters 9 and 11.
The second edition has benefited from a number of helpful suggestions for improvement from various reviewers of the first edition. I am grateful in particular to John Winchester, who pointed out a number of mistakes and drew my attention to the revised geological timescale. Any remaining inadequacies in this book are entirely the authors responsibility.
Finally I wish to thank my wife Sylvia for her constant support and encouragement, and as a non-geologist, for test driving the first draft.
The following sources of data were particularly useful.
Duff, P. McL. D., Holmes Principles of Physical Geology, 4th edition, Chapman & Hall, London, 1993.
Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G. & Smith, A. G., A Geologic Time Scale, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Keary, P. (ed.), The Encyclopedia of the Solid Earth Sciences, Blackwell, Oxford, 1993.
Lambert, D., The Cambridge Field Guide to Prehistoric Life, Cambridge University Press, 1985.
Stanley, S. M., Exploring Earth and Life through Time, Freeman, New York, 1993.
Note to the second edition
I have taken the opportunity to thoroughly revise the text and improve many of the line drawings, with greater use of colour, taking into account the many helpful suggestions made by reviewers. Some of the photographs have been exchanged for better versions, and a number of others added. The geological timescale has been updated according to a revised version published in 2005. Graham Park, February 2010.
List of tables and illustrations
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Sourced illustrations
The following illustrations are reproduced by permission: British Geological Survey. NERC. All rights reserved. IPR/73-34C, 122-06CT: Figures 1.2C; 2.1A, C; 2.5A, D; 3.1, 3.3B, 3.5A, 3.7A, 3.8B, 6.1, 8.1, 9.4A/B/C, 9.5D. Science Photo Library: figures 9.5B, E446/0521 M.H. Sharp/SPL 9.5C, E445/0118 Jim Amos/SPL.
The following illustrations have been adapted from published sources.
Figure 2.6: Hamblin, W.K. 1989. The Earths dynamic systems, 5th edition. Macmillan, New York.
Figure 5.2: Hamblin, W.K. 1989. The Earths dynamic systems, 5th edition. Macmillan, New York.
Figure 5.3: McElhinny, N.W. 1973. Palaeomagnetism and plate tectonics, Cambridge University Press.
Figure 5.10A: Saemundsson, K. 1974. Evolution of the axial rifting zone in northern Iceland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America
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