John Lockyer - Fossils

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12

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First published in 2006 by Red Rocket Readers, an imprint of Flying Start Books Ltd.

Reprinted 2007, 2009, 2012, 2014, 2017, 2018.

13/45 Karepiro Drive, Auckland 0932, New Zealand.

story John Lockyer

Printed in New Zealand

Photograph on page 14 supplied by iStock Photo

All other photographs supplied by Jupiter Unlimited

This book is copyright. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in

any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without permission in writing

from the publisher.

redrocketreaders.com

Word Count = 497

Fossils are the ancient remains of living things preserved in rocks.

They are usually formed from plants, bones, or shells. Scientists who

study fossils are called paleontologists. Fossils show paleontologists

what life was like on Earth when the animal or plant died. Which

plants or animals do you know about from fossils?

Use Teacher Talk to stimulate discussion of topic.

Develop research skills based on this topic.

Use Table of Contents to locate specific information.

Refer to Glossary to clarify basic concepts.

Identify soft ci sound: special ancient

Notice antonyms: tiny/enormous cover/uncover

Identify synonyms: found/discovered

Notice prefixes un and re : uncover replace

Use captions to expand on text.

Promote drama, writing or art as follow-up activities.

Find learning resources to extend and reinforce the literacy

strategies in this title @ redrocketreaders.com

Sight

Words

Teacher

Talk

Teaching

Plan

any found hard real show together wash young

ISBN 978-1-776853-95-3

Fossils

written by John Lockyer

Contents Page

What are fossils? 2-3

How a fossil forms 4-5

Types of fossils 6-7

Where are fossils found? 8-9

Fossil scientists 10-11

Extinct plants and animals 12-13

Fossil fuels 14-15

Make your own fossil 16

Fossils are important signs of ancient life .

They are found preserved in rock in many

parts of the world .

Fossils can be tiny plants and animals , or

enormous dinosaur footprints and bones .

Fossils are millions of years old .

A fossil can begin to form when an animal dies .

Over a long time , the dead animal's body is

covered with many layers of sand and mud .

Then the sand , the mud , and the animals bones

slowly turn into hard rock . Sometimes , millions

of years later , the fossil is uncovered .

Body fossils are the whole body or parts of the body

of a plant or an animal . Imprint fossils are plants and

trees that have rotted and left an imprint in rock .

Trace fossils are markings , like footprints , tracks ,

burrows , and nests , made by ancient animals .

body fossil

Fossils are found in strange places . Sea shell

fossils have been discovered in the mountains .

Scientists believe the mountains must have

been under the sea long , long ago .

sea shell fossils

Body fossils have been found in amber . Amber is

the hardened sap that comes from ancient trees .

Tiny animals became fossils by being trapped in the

tree sap , and then buried for millions of years .

amber

Many fossils are found in places with bare rock .

Rocky shores , stream beds , caves , and sea cliffs

have lots of fossils . These fossils are uncovered

when water washes away part of the rocks .

Scientists work together to uncover a new fossil .

Paleontologists decide what the fossil is . Geologists

decide how old the rocks are . Technicians use small

chisels , picks , and brushes to clean away rock , dirt ,

and dust from small fossils . Sometimes explosives

and jack-hammers are used to uncover large fossils .

If the paleontologists find enough bones , they can put

the skeleton of the animal together . Any missing bones

are replaced with plastic copies .

Fossils show us what plants and animals have lived on

Earth . Many of these plants and animals have become

extinct . Dinosaurs are extinct , but we know a lot

about them from their fossils .

Dinosaur footprints show how fast the dinosaur moved

and if it stood on two legs or four . Paleontologists built

a stegosaurus skeleton from a fossil found in the USA .

They know that dinosaurs made nests , and their young

hatched from eggs .

extinct

l

After many plants and animals were buried

together millions of years ago , they slowly

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