John Lockyer - Building Big Bridges

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12

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First published in 2006 by Red Rocket Readers, an imprint of Flying Start Books Ltd.

Reprinted 2007, 2008, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018.

13/45 Karepiro Drive, Auckland 0932, New Zealand.

story John Lockyer

Printed in New Zealand

Photographs on cover and pages 4, 6, 12 supplied by iStock Photo

All other photographs supplied by Jupiter Unlimited

This book is copyright. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in

any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without permission in writing

from the publisher.

redrocketreaders.com

Word Count = 466

People have always wanted to move from one place to another,

so they have built bridges. Some bridges are natural and some

are built by people. What are bridges built over? Have you crossed

a bridge today? What did it go over? How are bridges built?

Use Teacher Talk to stimulate discussion of topic.

Develop research skills based on this topic.

Use Table of Contents to locate specific information.

Refer to Glossary to clarify basic concepts.

Identify suffixes er and est for comparison.

Use commas for phrasing and fluency.

Notice compound word: earthquake

Use captions to expand on text.

Promote drama, writing or art as follow-up activities.

Find learning resources to extend and reinforce the literacy

strategies in this title @ redrocketreaders.com

Sight

Words

Teacher

Talk

Teaching

Plan

any build enough join last must right strong

ISBN 978-1-776853-75-5

written by John Lockyer

Contents Page

What are big bridges? 2-3

Bridge-building 4-5

Beam bridges 6-7

Arch bridges 8-9

Suspension bridges 10-11

Cable-stayed bridges 12-13

Strong shapes 14-15

Future bridges 16

Building Big Bridges

Big bridges carry vehicles and people over water ,

valleys , roads , and railways . They help people to get

from one place to another .

Big bridges must be made of materials that wont

bend , crack , or crumble . Most big bridges are built

of concrete or steel because these materials are

strong enough to last a long time .

Before a new bridge is built , bridge-builders work out

how long and how high it needs to be . They look at the

land and any water the bridge will cross . They think

about how many vehicles and people will use the bridge .

bridge-building

There are many different sizes and shapes of bridges

in the world . There are bridges that swing and lift

and float , but there are really only four kinds .

A beam bridge is made of one or more pieces of

concrete or steel . The beams are held up at each

end by the ground or by piers , which are the

bridge supports . A long beam bridge is held up by

piers in the middle .

beam bridge

This beam bridge in Sweden carries vehicles

across the water . It makes the journey much

shorter for the traffic .

An arch bridge is built from stone , brick , concrete

or metal . Huge blocks and piers are placed at each

end and sometimes in the middle of the bridge .

After cranes lift the arches onto the blocks , a road

is built between the piers .

An arch bridge is strong because all the weight on

the arch is spread along the curve to the ground .

This stone arch bridge in France was built more than

two thousand years ago . There were no cranes to

help with bridge-building then !

arch bridge

A suspension bridge has a road that hangs from

strong steel cables . The cables are held up by tall

towers . Each cable is made out of thousands of

strands of steel wire . They are fixed to concrete

anchors at each end of the bridge .

suspension bridge

Most long bridges are suspension bridges .

This suspension bridge in the USA is called

the Golden Gate Bridge .

l

A cable-stayed bridge is like a suspension bridge , but

the road doesnt hang from cables . Instead , the cables

fix each section of the bridge to a tower and a pier .

cable-stayed bridge

Cable-stayed bridges are cheaper and easier to build

than suspension bridges . This cable-stayed bridge in

France is the tallest bridge in the world .

Big bridges must carry heavy loads . Wind , earthquakes ,

and traffic make bridges bend and shake . Big bridges

have to be made in the right shapes and joined together

the right way , or they will not be safe .

,

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