Tsang-Tse Fang - Elements of Structures and Defects of Crystalline Materials

1. Tables in Chapter 2
2. Tables in Chapter 3

1. Figures in Chapter 1
2. Figures in Chapter 2
3. Figures in Chapter 3
4. Figures in Chapter 4
5. Figures in Chapter 5
6. Figures in Chapter 6
7. Figures in Appendix II

Tsang-Tse Fang

National Cheng Kung University

Elsevier

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As sparked by the discovery of the high Tc superconductor, growth and characterization of the materials mainly concerned with structures and defects are at the forefront of the research in materials science. The significance is further boosted on account of the subsequent discovery of the materials with so-called colossal properties, including magnetoresistance and dielectric constant. These materials are of perovskite or perovskite-like structures with transition metal ions on the B site and show an enormous variety of intriguing electronic or magnetic properties. This variety is not only related to their chemical flexibility concerning the defects, but also to a larger extent related to the complex character concerning the interplay between transition metal ions in certain coordinations and oxygen. Since these new emerging materials with multiple functions provide the most interesting and challenging topics in fundamental physics and the cutting edge of new technologies, they have drawn considerable worldwide attention of scientists with highly interdisciplinary backgrounds. However, research on these subjects is experiencing a superfast development and facing more completion. In response to these challenges, the scientists have to gain and grasp the desired knowledge in a short time. For most existing textbooks, they either are inadequate, focusing on one of the structures and defects, or are voluminous, including a wide variety of subjects. By contrast, this book is designed not only to be concise, yet comprehensive to thoroughly cover the fundamental principles of the structures and defects of crystalline materials, but also to provide deep insights into understanding the relationships of properties, defect chemistry, and processing of concerned materials. What is more, the issue concerning the significant effects on the properties of the functional oxides due to the crystal fields is missing from most of the existing related textbooks. This issue has been included in Surface Tension, Surface Stress, and Surface Free Energy of Interfaces. Finally, it has to be stressed that for most functional materials, to fully understand the interactions between properties and defect chemistry and processing, the knowledge concerning both structures and defects is necessary since they are correlated. This book has included the essence of the knowledge concerning the authors more than 30 years of research to provide deep insights into understanding the relationships of properties, defect chemistry, and processing.

This book is divided into two parts with six chapters. The first three chapters deal with the structures (Part I) and the remaining three chapters are concerned about the defects (Part II). Since the knowledge of the electron configuration of elements is necessary for understanding the nature of chemical bonding, it is discussed in the first chapter. This chapter is by no means intended to be comprehensive but to lend support to the aspects that are fundamental to the . Moreover, several materials being still under intensive investigation have been illustrated to provide deep insights into understanding the effects of the relationships of processing, structures, and defects on the material properties.

The defects of materials are explored in Part II. , Line Defects in Crystalline Solids, essentially covers in ample detail the fundamentals of the characteristics of dislocations, wherein physics and the atomic mechanics of several issues have been described in detail. In view of the significant influence of the morphologies including size, shape, and distribution of grains and phases on the microstructure evolution and in turn the properties of materials, the final chapter focuses on the fundamentals of interface energies including single-phase (grain) boundary and interphase boundary, wettability determining the morphologies of phases, and the change of surface stress at a curved surface leading to the kinetic processes like Ostwald ripening and sintering. The distinction between surface energy, surface tension, and surface stress of liquids and solids in terms of atomic viewpoint is updated.