Lets Review Regents:
Earth SciencePhysical Setting
Revised Edition
Edward J. Denecke, Jr., B.A., M.A.
Formerly, William H. Carr J.H.S. 194Q
Whitestone, New York
Copyright 2021, 2020, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1995 by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barrons Educational Series
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ISBN: 978-1-5062-7188-0
Preface
To the Student
On the surface, islands may seem separate, but underneath they are all connected.
Earth science is not the study of isolated facts but rather the development of a deep understanding and appreciation of the interconnectedness of Earth phenomena, processes, and systems. In Earth science, the key to success is thorough understanding and the ability to demonstrate what you understand. This book is a concise text and review aid in which the author has tried to make Earth science as understandable as possible to you, the student, by incorporating the following features:
- Explanations of concepts and understandings are detailed, yet simply and clearly stated. They are designed to help you grasp the how and why of an idea, rather than just stating the idea.
- Important terms are printed in boldface typewhere they are defined in the text.
- The illustrations are designed to make difficult ideas easier to understand. Many of the illustrations are similar to those used in Regents examination questions in order to familiarize you with the types of diagrams you will be asked to analyze and interpret.
- Each chapter ends with a wide range of review questions from previous Regents examinations, including constructed response and extended constructed response questions.
- A glossary and a complete index make it easy for you to find the definition of a specific term and the pages in the book where a topic is covered.
- A full-length Regents examination provides you with the opportunity to assess your understanding and to test your Earth science knowledge and skills before taking the Regents examination.
Earth science offers the challenge and excitement of new theories, new discoveries, and new problems to be solved. It is a science in which sweeping new theories are being tested and applied to puzzling new observations. It is a science in which revolutionary advances in human knowledge of Earth and the other planets of our solar system are being made almost daily. I hope that studying Earth science will fill you with wonder and delight at the complexities of our planet Earth.
To the Teacher
Lets Review Regents: Earth SciencePhysical Settingis a concise text and review aid for courses based on the New York State Physical Setting/Earth Science Core Curriculum, a comprehensive course of study in Earth science on the secondary level. However, the material in this book provides such comprehensive coverage of topics in Earth science that it can be used as a review text to supplement virtually any secondary course in Earth science taught in the United States, using any major textbook.
This edition reflects the content of the New York State Physical Setting/Earth Science Core Curriculum. It is organized into three major topics: astronomy, geology, and meteorology. Each topic addresses a key idea of Standard 4: The Physical Setting/Earth Science, and is divided into units based upon the performance indicators for that key idea. Each unit is subdivided into chapters that deal with groups of related major understandings underlying the performance indicator. Specific skills identified in Standards 1, 2, 6, and 7 are introduced with the appropriate major understanding. Figures and text follow the updated 2011 edition of the Physical Setting/Earth Science Reference Tables.
The review questions in this edition have been chosen from previous Regents examinations to reflect content consistent with the