Dear Reader,
When it comes to getting information, you have more options than ever. Many of them are online, which is great when you need a little information right away. But when you want detail and depth, a successful outcome, or a rich learning experience, you turn to the source youre holding nowa book. And not just any book: a Complete Idiots Guide.
We designed this Complete Idiots Guide for you, because youre the kind of information seeker we understand and value. Youre smart, competent, and willing to tackle something new no matter how daunting it seemseven when the learning curve is high and you feel like a complete idiot. After all, todays complete idiot is tomorrows expert.
So dive right in and let us guide you past the pain of beginner brain and on to the pleasure of discovery and achievement. Youll get the results you want because our authors are credentialed experts who stick with you every step of the way. Youll enjoy the process because our editors know what makes learning easy and what just gets in the way. And if we ever fall short, well count on you to let us know so we can fix the problem.
And the next time you need information right away, check in with our online experts at idiotsguides.com. Our commitment to intelligent, accurate information carries through everything we doin print or online.
Happy learning!
Mike Sanders
Publisher, Alpha Books
This book is dedicated to my mother, Dorothy Hackethal.
ALPHA BOOKS
Published by Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario M4P 2Y3, Canada (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd., 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd.) Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty. Ltd.) Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd., 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, North Shore, Auckland 1311, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd.) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty.) Ltd., 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd., Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England
Copyright 2013 by Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, scanned, or distributed in any printed or electronic form without permission. Please do not participate in or encourage piracy of copyrighted materials in violation of the authors rights. Purchase only authorized editions. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of information contained herein. For information, address Alpha Books, 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46240.
THE COMPLETE IDIOTS GUIDE TO and Design are registered trademarks of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
International Standard Book Number: 978-1-61564-358-5
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2013933131
15 14 13 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Interpretation of the printing code: The rightmost number of the first series of numbers is the year of the books printing; the rightmost number of the second series of numbers is the number of the books printing. For example, a printing code of 13-1 shows that the first printing occurred in 2013.
Printed in the United States of America
Note: This publication contains the opinions and ideas of its author. It is intended to provide helpful and informative material on the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the author and publisher are not engaged in rendering professional services in the book. If the reader requires personal assistance or advice, a competent professional should be consulted.
The author and publisher specifically disclaim any responsibility for any liability, loss, or risk, personal or otherwise, which is incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents of this book.
Most Alpha books are available at special quantity discounts for bulk purchases for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. Special books, or book excerpts, can also be created to fit specific needs. For details, write: Special Markets, Alpha Books, 375 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10014.
Publisher: Mike Sanders
Executive Managing Editor: Billy Fields
Executive Acquisitions Editor: Lori Cates Hand
Development Editor: Heather Stith
Senior ProductionEditor: Janette Lynn
CoverDesigner: William Thomas
BookDesigner: William Thomas, Rebecca Batchelor
Indexer: Brad Herriman
Layout: Ayanna Lacey
Proofreader: Cate Schwenk
Introduction
When I started medical school, most medical terms were a mystery to me. I looked at the mountain of terms thrown at me at a rapid-fire pace during the first semester, and I was scared. But I was also intrigued. Where did these words come from? How should I pronounce them? What was the hidden logic that could make memorizing them easier?
In medical school, I didnt have a book like this one. I had to come up with my own strategy for making sense of medical terminology. So I started making lists of related words, many of which share common origins in Greek and Latin. My fathers stories about his own medical training made me realize the importance of these languages in forming the basis of medical terminology. When he immigrated to the United States, he had already completed his medical training. Like most foreign medical graduates, he had to retake his medical licensing exams in the United States. English was still a little shaky for him. He always said that the only reason he passed his exams was because he knew Latin.
When I first started writing this book, I thought that learning medical terminology was just like learning a foreign language. My past studies in French, Spanish, Italian, German, and Latin made me familiar with language acquisition. But I realized that learning medical terminology involves more than the rote memorization used in learning a foreign language.
Most medical terms have precise meanings that are intended to prevent errors and misunderstandings in the clinical arena. So acquiring a medical vocabulary entails developing a certain amount of understanding about the science and biological processes described by the terms, in addition to simply memorizing the terms themselves. This book reflects this way of learning. Each chapter contains lists of terms, their pronunciations, and their definitions that you can use for purposes of memorization. But there are also sections that provide a background to the subject. These sections describe the importance of these terms, the processes involved, and the biological functions each term describes. Knowing the why behind a term can aid in memorization and clear up confusion.