Tomas Tomascik - Ecology of the Indonesian Seas Part 1

Copyright 1997 Dalhousie University

All rights reserved

Published by Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.

ISBN: 978-1-4629-0502-7 (ebook)

Publisher: Eric Oey

Typesetting and graphics: JWD Communications Ltd.

Distributor:

Australia:

University of New South Wales Press Ltd

Sydney NSW 2052

Indonesia:

C.V.Java Books

Jalan Kelapa Gading Kirana, Blok A14 No. 17

Jakarta 14240

Japan:

Tuttle Publishing Japan

Yaekari Building 3rd Floor, 5-4-12

Osaki Shinagawa-ku,

Tokyo 141-0032

Tel: 81 (03) 5437 0171

Fax 81 (03) 5437 0755

Singapore and Malaysia:

Berkeley Books Private Ltd.

61 Tai Seng Avenue, #02-12

Singapore 534167

Tel: (65) 6280 1330

Fax: (65) 6280 6290

Email:

Web site: www.periplus.com

United Kingdom:

Oxford University Press

Great Clarendon Street

Oxford, OX2 6DP

United States:

Tuttle Publishing USA

364 Innovation Drive

North Clarendon, VT 05759-9436

Tel 1 (802) 773 8930

Fax 1 (802) 773 6993

Printed in the Republic of Singapore

The Environmental Management Development in Indonesia Project (EMDI) was designed to upgrade environmental management capabilities through institutional strengthening and human resource development. A joint project of the Ministry of State for Environment (LH), Jakarta, and the School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, EMDI supported LH's mandate to provide guidance and leadership to Indonesian agencies and organizations responsible for implementing environmental management and sustainable development. Linkages between Indonesian and Canadian organizations and individuals in the area of environmental management were also fostered.

EMDI received generous funding from the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). CIDA provided Cdn$2.5 million to EMDI-1 (1983-86), Cdn$7.7 million to EMDI-2 (1986-89), and contributed Cdn$37.3 million to EMDI-3 (1989-95). Significant contributions, direct and in kind, were made by LH and Dalhousie University.

EMDI-3 emphasized spatial planning and regional environmental management, environmental impact assessment, environmental standards, hazardous and toxic substance management, marine and coastal environmental management, environmental information systems, and environmental law. The opportunity for further studies was offered through fellowships and internships for qualified individuals. The books in the Ecology of Indonesia series form a major part of the publications programme. Linkages with NGOs and the private sector were encouraged.

EMDI supported the University Consortium on the Environment comprising Gadjah Mada University, the University of Indonesia, the Bandung Institute of Technology, the University of Waterloo, and York University. Included in EMDI activities at Dalhousie University were research fellowships and exchanges for senior professionals in Indonesia and Canada, and assistance for Dalhousie graduate students undertaking thesis research in Indonesia.

For further information about the EMDI project, please contact:

Director

School for Resource and Environmental Studies

Dalhousie University

1312 Robie Street

Halifax, Nova Scotia

Canada B3H 3E2

Tel. 1-902-494-3632

In a book of this dimension it is difficult to individually thank each person, and we hope that we are forgiven for any omissions.

Our thanks are extended to all those in the Ministry of Environment, Indonesia, and the Canadian International Development Agency who made this book project possible. Special thanks to all the advisors, management, and staff of the EMDI Project. We would especially like to thank Shirley Conover, Aca Sugandhy, Hadi Alikodra, Sudaryono, George Greene, Gerry Glazier, Ray Cote, John Patterson, Clifton Potter, Pauline Lawrence, Brian Yates, Diane Blanchford, Barbara Patton, Susan Woods, Gerard Belanger and An tin Wibowo. Our profound thanks to all at Dalhousie University and at the School for Resource and Environmental Studies who have assisted us with literature surveys and acquisitions. Our deep gratitude to all our colleagues who made a significant contribution to this book. Their contributions are clearly acknowledged in the text of the book.

We would like to express our thanks to Alan Logan, Lyndon Devantier, Howard Spero, Peter Bell, Rob Van Woesik, John Boers, Koos J.C. den Hartog and Leen van Ofwegen for their reviews of the manuscript. Special thanks to John Clark for many suggestions and encouragements.

Identification of the species in this book, many of them new discoveries, often necessitated the expertise of taxonomists. For their assistance we wish to thank G. Allen, R. van Soest, P. Ng, CI. Massin, J. van der Land, J.C. den Hartog, L. van Ofwegen, C. Fransen, J. Goud, C. Kishinami, B. Collette, M. Hoogmoed, P. Cornelius, A. Allison, J. Goud, E. Verheij, C. Bryce, AJ. Bruce, N.L. Bruce, L. Hillis, L. Marsh, P. Mather, W. Ivanstoff, H. Larson, O.H. Arinardi and Trimaningsih.

Our deep and special gratitude goes to Roger Steene, Ron and Valerie Taylor, Chuck Birkeland, Gerald Allen, Koos den Hartog, Charles Fransen, Leen van Ofwegen, The National Museum of Natural History in Leiden, Robert van Soest, Mark A. Johnson, Mr. Fernandez, Barbara Brown, William Patzert and SPOT Image Corporation, for providing us with wonderful photographs that have brought this book to life. We offer sincere apologies to those whose beautiful colour slides had to be converted to black-and-white prints. The book also greatly benefits from the wonderful artwork of Basuki Rahmad and Mickey Meyer.

We would like to express our gratitude to Mr. Dicky Daryanto and Garuda Indonesia, as well as Mr. Permadi and Aneka Herman of Sempati Air for travel assistance.

Our special thanks to the following individuals and groups which have provided support for our research activities: Ron Holland, Graham and Donna Taylor of Borneo Divers; Paul Sugiono and Peter Sugiono of P.T. Sangalaki Resort; Des Alwi, Tania Alwi and Al Welsh in the Banda Islands; Quark Expeditions, Banda Sea; Mr. Fernandez of Sao Wisata, Flores; Henny Batuna of Murex in Manado; Ibu Sita Wachjo of the Yaysan Sumber Daya Laut, Lembata Island; and Kal Muller in Flores.

The completion of the book would not have been possible without the help of many friends who offered encouragement and suggestions to improve the quality of this book and made our stay in Indonesia a memorable experience. Our deep gratitude goes to Al and Anita Welsh, Keith James, Debra Nishida, Suzanne Gendron, Mickey Meyer, Tokkie and Jacqueline Elliot, Sandra van Woesik, Wawan Kiswara, Dwi Sasongko, Errol Billing, Tania Alwi, Rili Djohani, Gerry and Marlene Glazier, John and Sheila Patterson, Robin Harger, Ibu Sita Wachjo, and Kent Wiley.