Debra Stilwell - Levers

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Table of Contents

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Simple Machine Science

SCIENCE

Levers

Dwayne Stilwell

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Simple Machine Science

Levers

By Dwayne Stilwell

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Please visit our website, www. garethstevens. com. For a free color catalog of all our high-quality books, call toll free 1-800-542-2595 or fax 1-877-542-2596.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Stilwell, Dwayne, author. Levers / Dwayne Stilwell. pages ; cm. ( Simple machine science) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4339-8137-1 ( paperback) ISBN 978-1-4339-8138-8 ( 6-pack) ISBN 978-1-4339-8136-4 ( library binding) Levers Juvenile literature. I. Title. TJ147. S755 2013 dc23 2012019733

Published in 2013 by Gareth Stevens Publishing East 14th Street, Suite New York, NY 10003

Copyright 2013 Gareth Stevens Publishing

Designer: Katelyn E. Reynolds Editor: Greg Roza

Photo credits: Cover, p. Cenk Ertekin/Shutterstock. com; pp. ( background graphics) mike. irwin/Shutterstock. com; pp. 5, ( tongs, bottle opener) , ( stapler, pliers) , iStockphoto/Thinkstock. com; p. George F. Mobley/National Geographic/Getty Images; p. Andrew Green/Getty Images; pp. 11, ( scissors) Hemera/Thinkstock. com; p. iStockphoto. com/Don Nichols; p. Image Source/Thinkstock. com; p. ( fishing pole) Stockbyte/Thinkstock. com.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer.

Printed in the United States of America

CPSIA compliance information: Batch #CW13GS: For further information contact Gareth Stevens, New York, New York at 1-800-542-2595.

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Contents

Whats a Lever?

Load and Effort

Whats a Fulcrum?

Class One Lever

Class Two Lever

Class Three Lever

In the Home

At Work with Levers

Levers Inside You

Glossary

For More Information

Index

Boldface words appear in the glossary

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Whats a Lever?

Levers are used to lift or move heavy loads with little effort. Levers come in many shapes and sizes, but theyre usually long. The longer a lever, the less effort it takes to lift or move a heavy load.

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Load and Effort

This man is using a wooden pole to move a heavy log. The pole is the lever. The log is the load. To move the load, the man uses effort to push down on the end of the lever.

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Whats a Fulcrum?

All levers need a fulcrum. This is the part the lever rests on. The fulcrum allows the lever to pivot, or move in different directions. The fulcrum is in different places depending on the class, or type, of lever.

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effort

fulcrum

load

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Class One Lever

A seesaw is a class one lever. A seesaws fulcrum is in the middle. The person pushing down on one end of the lever is the effort. The person going up on the other side is the load.

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load

fulcrum effort

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Class Two Lever

With a class two lever, the fulcrum is on one end and the load is in the middle. A wheelbarrow is a class two lever. The wheel is the fulcrum. A person lifts the handles to move the load.

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load

fulcrum

effort

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Class Three Lever

The fulcrum is on one end of a class three lever, and the load is on the other end. A shovel is a class three lever. You hold the end of the shovel (fulcrum) and pull up on the middle to dig up some dirt.

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load

effort

fulcrum

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In the Home

Your house is loaded with levers! Scissors are class one levers. Bottle openers are class two levers. Tongs are class three levers. Life would be very different without these levers in our homes.

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scissors

tongs

bottle opener

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At Work with Levers

Many people use levers at their job every day. Pliers are class one levers. Staplers are class two levers. Fishing poles are class three levers. Without levers, many people wouldnt be able to do their job.

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