Jc Beall - Logic: The Basics

LOGIC

Logic: The Basics is a hands-on introduction to the philosophically alive field of logical inquiry. Covering both classical and non-classical theories, it presents some of the core notions of logic such as validity, basic connectives, identity, free logic and more. This book:

introduces some basic ideas of logic from a semantic and philosophical perspective

uses logical consequence as the focal concept throughout

considers some of the controversies and rival logics that make for such a lively field.

This accessible guide includes chapter summaries and suggestions for further reading as well as exercises and sample answers throughout. It is an ideal introduction for those new to the study of logic as well as those seeking to gain the competence and skills needed to move to more advanced work in logic.

Jc Beall is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Connecticut, USA, where he is Director of the UConn Logic Group. His books include Possibilities and Paradox: An Introduction to Modal and Many-Valued Logic with Bas van Fraassen, Logical Pluralism with Greg Restall, and Spandrels of Truth.

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LOGIC

THE BASICS

jc beall

LONDON AND NEW YORK

First published 2010
by Routledge
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2010 Jc Beall

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Beall, J. C.
Logic : the basics / J.C. Beall.
p. cm. (The basics)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Logic. I. Title.
BC108.B347 2010
160dc22
2009046227

ISBN 0-203-85155-2 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN10:0-415-77498-5 (hbk)

ISBN 10:0-415-77499-3 (pbk)

ISBN 10:0-203-85155-2 (ebk)

ISBN 13:978-0-415-77498-7 (hbk)

ISBN 13:978-0-415-77499-4 (pbk)

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For Katrina Higgins for everything. And for Charles & Beverly Beall for everything else.

A book should have either intelligibility or correctness; to combine the two is impossible.

Bertrand Russell (1901)

This book presents a few basic ideas in logical studies, particularly some ideas in philosophical logiclogic motivated largely by philosophical issues. The book aims not only to introduce you to various ideas and logical theories; it aims to give you a flavor for logical theorizingtheorizing about logic in the face of apparently logic-relevant phenomena. If the book is successful, youll not only be in position to pursue logic at a deeper level; youll be motivated to do so.

The book takes a wholly one-sided approach to logic: namely, the so-called semantic or model-theoretic side. You should be warned: there is much, much more to logic than is foundor even hinted atin this book. A particularly conspicuous omission is so-called proof theory: no deductive systems of any sort are discussed in this book. This omission is unfortunate in various ways butgiven space limitations on this bookit allows a more leisurely discussion of a wider array of ideas than would otherwise be possible. A handful of widely available further readings are suggested throughout, and a few themnamely, ones that are repeatedly mentionedprovide adequate proof systems for the canvassed logics (model-theoretically understood).