Wilfrid Hodges - Logic: An Introduction to Elementary Logic

PENGUIN BOOKS

Logic

Wilfrid Hodges was born in 1941 and educated at New College, Oxford (195965), where he received a first degree not only in Literae Humaniores but also in Theology. In 1970 he was awarded a doctorate for a thesis in Logic. He was a lecturer in Philosophy and later in Mathematics at Bedford College, University of London. He has held visiting appointments in the philosophy department of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the mathematics department of the University of Colorado at Boulder. He is now a Professor of Mathematics at Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London.

Among his publications are the chapter on Elementary Predicate Logic in the Handbook of Philosophical Logic (vol. 1, 1983), three textbooks in model theory, and papers on the mathematics, history and psychology of logic in various journals and proceedings. He has given several public lectures on topics in logic, mathematics and music. He has held editorial positions on five logic journals, and he has been President of the British Logic Colloquium and the European Association for Logic, Language and Information.

WILFRID HODGES

Second Edition

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First published in Pelican Books 1977

Reprinted in Penguin Books 1991

Second Edition published 2001

Copyright Wilfrid Hodges, 1977, 2001

All rights reserved

Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publishers prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser

ISBN:978-0-14-192684-1

Nothing in this book is original, except perhaps by mistake. It is meant as an introduction to a well-established field of ideas; I only added a pattern and some examples. For discussions on various drafts of parts of the book, and related topics, I have many people to thank: chiefly David Wiggins, David K. Lewis, Ted Honderich, my wife Helen, and six generations of undergraduates specializing in various subjects at Bedford College. I thank Mariamne Luddington for her cheerful illustrations.

Permission to reproduce material in this book is acknowledged to the following sources:

To Pan Books Ltd for permission to quote in section 4 from Denys Parsonss collection of newspaper howlers, Funny Amusing and Funny Amazing, published in 1969.

To Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., and to Faber & Faber Ltd, for four lines from T. S. Eliots Burnt Norton, from Four Quartets.

To the Oxford University Press for lines from Spelt from Sibyls Leaves by Gerard Manley Hopkins, from the fourth edition (1967) of The Poemsof Gerard Manley Hopkins, edited by W. H. Gardner and N. H. Mackenzie, published by arrangement with the Society of Jesus.

To the Controller of Her Majestys Stationery Office for an extract from paragraph 46 of Corporal Punishment, cmnd 1213, published in I960, Crown copyright.

The extract from the Authorized Version of the Holy Bible which is copyright is used with permission.

Wilfrid Hodges

Bedford College

March 1976