Baby Professor - Atoms, Molecules & Quantum Mechanics for Kids

Atoms, Molecules

& Quantum Mechanics

for Kids

Speedy Publishing LLC

40 E. Main St. # 1156

Newark, DE 1 9711

www.speedypublishing .com

Copyright 2016

All Rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any way or form or by any means whether electronic or mechanical, this means that you cannot record or photocopy any material ideas or tips that are provided in this book

PHYSICS

The atom is the foundation of chemistry. In fact, the atom is the basic building block for all matter in the univ erse.

Atoms are extremely tiny and are made up of a few even tinier particles. They are so small you cant see them, except through a special microscope. Atoms are collections of tiny bits of electrical en ergy.

Atoms can last a long time, essentially forever. Atoms can transform and go through chemical react ions.

Matter is composed of atoms. When atoms fit together we can call that state matter. Solids are made of atoms that are close to each other while gases have atoms that are spread out.

Atoms have three basic parts. They are the electrons, protons, and neutrons. These are the basic particles that make up an atom.

Electrons, protons, and neutrons are found in the structure of the atom. The nucleus is at the center of the atom.

The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons while the electrons orbit around the nucleus. But is it is not like the way the moon orbits the E arth.

The protons and neutrons group together inside the nucleus. Electrons are the tiniest of the three particles. Electrons are found in shells, sometimes called energy le vels.

The proton is a positively charged particle. It is just about 2000 times more massive than an electron. Protons push away from each other because they have positive electrical ch arge.

The electron is a negatively charged particle. It orbits the nucleus of the atom and spins very fast around the nucleus. Electrons are smaller than neutrons and pro tons.

The neutron doesnt have any electrical charge. It weighs just the same as a pr oton.

There are different kinds of atoms. The kind of atom it is depends on the number of electrons, protons and neutrons each atom contains. Each kind of atom can help create an element. Elements form when atoms are comb ined.

With the alphabet you can create a language; with elements of different kinds of atoms you can build a molecule (MOLL-uh-cyool). Molecules are groups of atoms joined together, the same way that words are groups of letters joined toge ther.

Like atoms, molecules are so small that nobody can see them. Molecules can only be seen in a special microscope. Molecules can have different shapes. They can have short or long spirals while others may look like a pyramid. The shape of a molecule depends on the arrangement of bonds that hold its atoms toge ther.

Molecules are not only made up of different types of atoms but also different ratios. For example the water molecule has 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. It is written as H O. Molecules can be simple or complic ated.

For a molecule to survive, atoms have to stick together. This takes place when two atoms share electrons. Instead of spinning around one atom, the electron now spins around two. This process is called bon ding.

There are two main ways that atoms are held together. In covalent bonding, the electrons are shared between two atoms. They are usually liquids and gases with low melting points. In ionic bonding, electrons transfer from one atom to another. They are typically solids with a high melting p oint.

In the present day people can make new kinds of molecules in laboratories and factories. Plastic is a great example of a family of new molecules, as are modern medic ines.

Did you know that hydrogen is the first element on the periodic table? It has an atomic number of 1. Hydrogen is the simplest, lightest and most commonly found chemical ele ment

Quantum Mechanics is the branch of physics that tells us how things work inside the atom. Quantum comes from a Latin word that means how much. It also tells us how electromagnetic waves, like light, work.

It helps us understand the smallest things in nature like protons, neutrons and electrons.Quantum mechanics has identified rules or statem ents.

It is based on observation about what kind of orbits electrons can have in an atom. The rules of quantum mechanics show what kinds of atoms can bind toge ther.

It has rules to know what kind of molecules you can have. These rules also define the properties of the molec ules.

The most important parts of the rules of quantum mechanics cover how atoms bind together and how they interact with pho tons.

A photon is a pack of electromagnetic energy. It is the basic unit that creates light.The photon is known as a quantum of electromagnetic en ergy.

Photons have zero mass and have no electrical charge unlike the parts of an atom. Photons can have interactions with other particles like electrons. They travel at the speed of light when they are in s pace.

E for electron

N for NEUTRON

P for PROTON

P for PROTON

E for electron

N for NEUTRON