Donna Latham - Rain Forests
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- Year:2011
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Investigating a variety of biomes and todays natural and human threats to their preservation, this interactive series challenges young readers to look at how their own actions influence the planets health. Four distinct environments are explored in detail, showcasing the assortment of plants and animals that inhabit these outdoor communities as well as how they have adapted to their surroundings. Offering fascinating facts on each ecosystem along with vocabulary-building sidebars, these guides show budding scientists how they can contribute towards ongoing conservation efforts. Showcasing one of the environments most valuable biomes, this overview centers on the planets rain forests, reviewing the greenhouse gases and the accelerating extinction of species that jeopardize this vital ecosystems future.
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Nomad Press
A division of Nomad Communications
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Copyright 2011 by Nomad Press
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review. The trademark Nomad Press and the Nomad Press logo are trademarks of Nomad Communications, Inc.
Printed by Regal Printing Limited in China,
June 2011, Job Number 1105033
ISBN: 978-1-936313-48-8
Educational Consultant, Marla Conn
Questions regarding the ordering of this book should be addressed to
Independent Publishers Group
814 N. Franklin St.
Chicago, IL 60610
www.ipgbook.com
Nomad Press
2456 Christian St.
White River Junction, VT 05001
www.nomadpress.net
Image Credits
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; Luca Cppola, 26.
Grab your backpack! Youre about to embark on an exciting expedition to explore one of Earths major biomes: the tropical rainforest!
A biome is a large natural area with a distinctive climate and geology. The desert is a biome. The ocean and tundra are biomes. So is the tropical rainforest. Biomes are the earths communities.
Scientists dont agree on how many biomes there are. Some divide the earth into five biomes. Others argue for 12.
biome: a large natural area with a distinctive climate, geology, and set of water resources. A biomes plants and animals are adapted for life there.
tropical rainforest: a dense forest of tall trees near the equator.
climate: average weather patterns in an area over many years.
geology: the rocks, minerals, and physical structure of an area.
adapt: changes a plant or animal makes to survive in new or different conditions.
ecosystem: a community of living and nonliving things and their environment. Living things are plants, animals, and insects. Nonliving things are soil, rocks, and water.
environment: everything in nature, living and nonliving.
Each biome has its own biodiversity, which is the range of living things adapted for life there. It also contains many ecosystems. In an ecosystem, living and nonliving things interact with their environment.
Teamwork keeps the system balanced and working. Earths biomes are connected together, creating a vast web of life.
Youll need an umbrella in the worlds rainiest biome. Tropical rainforests receive 50 to 260 inches of rain each year (125 to 660 centimeters). Rain falls almost every day. But leave your coat at home!
The climate in the tropical rainforest is about the same year round. It never snows or gets cold. There may be a short season with less rain, but that is the only change from season to season.
Its hot and humid in the rainforest. The average temperature during the day is 86 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit (30 to 35 degrees Celsius).
Tropical rainforests are located near the equator, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. Youll find tropical rainforests in Australia, Central and South America, the Pacific Islands, Southeast Asia, and West Africa.
The equator is an imaginary line around the widest surface of the earth, at its center. The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn are two lines of latitude, above and below the equator.
Squirrel monkey
There are four levels of every tropical rainforest: the emergent layer, canopy, understory, and forest floor. Different plants and animals live at each layer.
Although rainforests cover only 6 percent of the earths landmass, half of the planets animal and plant species make their homes there.
latitude: imaginary lines around the earth parallel to the equator.
emergent layer: the tallest layer in the rainforest.
canopy: an umbrella of trees over the forest.
understory: the layer that grows under the forest canopy.
forest floor: the ground under the trees in the forest.
species: a type of animal or plant.
here: The soil in tropical rainforests is low in nutrients. Pounding rains flush them away.
there: The soil in deciduous forests is rich in nutrients. Deciduous forests are found mostly north of the tropics. These trees shed their leaves each year.
Nutrients in the rainforest are found in the living plants and in the leaf litter on the forest floor. When dead plants and animals fall to the ground, they decompose.
Their nutrients are recycled by decomposers, ready for living plants to take out of the soil and use again. In this hot, moist environment, decomposition is speedy.
nutrients: substances that living things need to live and grow.
decompose: to break down or rot.
decomposers: bacteria, fungi, worms, and insects that break down dead plants and animals.
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