Ira N. Levine - Quantum Chemistry

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Quantum Chemistry

by Ira N. Levine Brooklyn College, City College of New York

Ira N. Levine

Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York

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Cover Image Credit: Cover art created by Ira N. Levine using Spartan Student Physical Chemistry Edition software, 2012 Wavefunction, http://www.wavefun.com/products/products.html

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Levine, Ira N., date

Quantum chemistry / Ira N. Levine.Seventh edition.

pages cm

ISBN-13: 978-0-321-80345-0

ISBN-10: 0-321-80345-0

1.Quantum chemistryTextbooks.I.Title.

QD462.L48 2014

541'.28dc23

2012039711

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 EB 17 16 15 14 13

www.pearsonhighered.com

ISBN-10: 0-321-80345-0; ISBN-13: 978-0-321-80345-0

To my quantum chemistry students: Vincent Adams, Margaret Adamson, Emanuel Akinfeleye, Ricardo Alkins, Byongjae An, Salvatore Atzeni, Abe Auerbach, Andrew Auerbach, Nikolay Azar, Joseph Barbuto, David Baron, Christie Basseth, Sene Bauman, Laurance Beaton, Howard Becker, Michael Beitchman, Anna Berne, Kamal Bharucha, Susan Bienenfeld, Mark Blackman, Toby Block, Allen Bloom, Gina Bolnet, Demetrios Boyce, Diza Braksmayer, Steve Braunstein, Paul Brumer, Jean Brun, Margaret Buckley, Lynn Caporale, Richard Carter, Julianne Caton-Williams, Shih-ching Chang, Ching-hong Chen, Hongbin Chen, Huifen Chen, Kangmin Chen, Kangping Chen, Guang-Yu Cheng, Yu-Chi Cheng, El-hadi Cherchar, Jeonghwan Cho, Ting-Yi Chu, Kyu Suk Chung, Joseph Cincotta, Robert Curran, Joseph DAmore, Ronald Davy, Jody Delsol, Aly Dominique, Xiao-Hong Dong, Barry DuRon, Azaria Eisenberg, Myron Elgart, Musa Elmagadam, Anna Eng, Stephen Engel, Jesus Estrada, Quianping Fang, Nicola Farina, Larry Filler, Seymour Fishman, Charles Forgy, Donald Franceschetti, Mark Freilich, Michael Freshwater, Tobi Eisenstein Fried, Joel Friedman, Kenneth Friedman, Malgorzata Frik, Aryeh Frimer, Mark Froimowitz, Irina Gaberman, Paul Gallant, Hong Gan, Mark Gold, Stephen Goldman, Neil Goodman, Roy Goodman, Isaac Gorbaty, Aleksander Gorbenko, Nicolas Gordon, Steven Greenberg, Walter Greigg, Michael Gross, Zhijie Gu, Judy Guiseppi-Henry, Lin Guo, Hasan Hajomar, Runyu Han, Sheila Handler, Noyes Harrigan, Jun He, Warren Hirsch, Hsin-Pin Ho, Richard Hom, Kuo-zong Hong, Mohammed Hossain, Fu-juan Hsu, Bo Hu, Jong-chin Hwan, Leonard Itzkowitz, Colin John, Mark Johnson, Joshua Jones, Kirby Juengst, Abraham Karkowsky, Spiros Kassomenakis, Abdelahad Khajo, Mohammed Khan, Michael Kittay, Colette Knight, Barry Kohn, Yasemin Kopkalli, Malgorzata Kulcyk-Stanko, David Kurnit, Athanasios Ladas, Alan Lambowitz, Eirini Lampiri, Bentley Lane, Yedidyah Langsam, Noah Lansner, Surin Laosooksathit, Chi-Yin Lee, Chiu Hong Lee, Leda Lee, Stephen Lemont, Elliot Lerner, Jiang Li, Zheng Li, Israel Liebersohn, Joel Liebman, Steven Lipp, Maryna Lisai, Huiyu Liu, Letian Liu, James Liubicich, John Lobo, Rachel Loftoa, Wei Luo, Dennis Lynch, Michelle Maison, Mohammad Malik, Pietro Mangiaracina, Louis Maresca, Allen Marks, Tom McDonough, Keisha McMillan, Antonio Mennito, Leonid Metlitsky, Ira Michaels, Tziril Miller, Mihaela Minnis, Bin Mo, Qi Mo, Paul Mogolesko, Murad Mohammad, Alim Monir, Safrudin Mustopa, Irving Nadler, Stuart Nagourney, Kwazi Ndlovu, Harold Nelson, Wen-Hui Pan, Padmanabhan Parakat, Frank Pecci, Albert Pierre-Louis, Paloma Pimenta, Eli Pines, Jerry Polesuk, Arlene Gallanter Pollin, James Pollin, Lahanda Punyasena, Cynthia Racer, Munira Rampersaud, Caleen Ramsook, Robert Richman, Richard Rigg, Bruce Rosenberg, Martin Rosenberg, Robert Rundberg, Edward Sachs, Mohamed Salem, Mahendra Sawh, David Schaeffer, Gary Schneier, Neil Schweid, Judith Rosenkranz Selwyn, Gunnar Senum, Simone Shaker, Steven Shaya, Allen Sheffron, Wu-mian Shen, Yuan Shi, Lawrence Shore, Mei-Ling Shotts, Alvin Silverstein, Barry Siskind, Jerome Solomon, De Zai Song, Henry Sperling, Joseph Springer, Charles Stimler, Helen Sussman, Sybil Tobierre, Dana McGowan Tormey, David Trauber, Balindra Tripathi, Choi Han Tsang, King-hung Tse, Michele Tujague, Irina Vasilkin, Natalya Voluschuk, Sammy Wainhaus, Nahid Wakili, Alan Waldman, Huai Zhen Wang, Zheng Wang, Robert Washington, Janet Weaver, William Wihlborg, Peter Williamsen, Frederic Wills, Shiming Wo, Guohua Wu, Jinan Wu, Xiaowen Wu, Ming Min Xia, Wei-Guo Xia, Xiaoming Ye, Ching-Chun Yiu, Wen Young, Xue-yi Yuan, Ken Zaner, Juin-tao Zhang, Hannian Zhao, Li Li Zhou, Shan Zhou, Yun Zhou.