Harshad Oak [Oak - Java EE Applications on Oracle Java Cloud:: Develop, Deploy, Monitor, and Manage Your Java Cloud Applications

Harshad Oak is the founder of IndicThreads and Rightrix Solutions. IndicThreads.com is an online developer magazine and hosts some of the most reputable technology conferences in India on topics such as Java, cloud computing, software quality, and mobile software. Before starting his own venture, Harshad was part of i-flex Solutions and Cognizant Technology Solutions.

In addition to this work, he has authored Oracle JDeveloper 10g: Empowering J2EE Development and Pro Jakarta Commons, and co-authored J2EE 1.4 Bible. Harshad has spoken at conferences in India, the United States, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and China. He has been working to build active Java communities in India and has organized as well as spoken at many Java user group meetings. Additionally, Harshad teaches Enterprise Java to Masters candidates in Computer Science at Symbiosis University, India. Harshad has been recognized as an Oracle ACE Director and a Java Champion for his contributions to the technology and the community.

Harshad writes about technology on .

Markus Eisele is a software architect, developer, and consultant. He works daily with customers and projects dealing with Enterprise-level Java and infrastructures, including the Java platform and various web-related technologies on a variety of platforms using products from different vendors. An expert in Java EE servers, Markus is an Oracle ACE Director, a Java Champion, and a member of the Java EE 7 expert group, and is a frequent speaker at industry conferences. Follow him on Twitter (@myfear) or read his blog (http://blog.eisele.net).

Arun Gupta is Director of Developer Advocacy at Red Hat and focuses on JBoss middleware. He was a founding member of the Java EE team at Sun Microsystems. At Oracle, Arun led a cross-functional team to drive the global launch of the Java EE 7 platform. After authoring approximately 1,400 blogs at blogs.oracle.com/arungupta on different Java technologies, he continues to promote Red Hat technologies and products at blog.arungupta.me. Arun has extensive speaking experience in 35+ countries on myriad topics.

T his book has been a wonderful journey, where so many have chipped in to make it a reality.

I would like to thank Markus Eisele and Arun Gupta for their insightful reviews. Thank you Brandi Shailer and Amanda Russell for ensuring that the book stayed on track and in line with the best publishing standards. Thanks to Bart Reed, Janet Walden, Kritika Kaushik, and Tanya Punj for their vital role in shaping the books content.

Thank you Mike Lehmann for your thoughtful foreword and your inputs throughout the books writing. Thank you Diby Malakar and Anand Kothari for your help with information and access at Oracle.

This book would have been impossible without the support of my family. Its quite amazing that my father (Baba), wife (Sangeeta), sister (Charu), and even my in-laws somehow always seem to have faith in me, regardless of the little I do and the lot that I dont do. Thank you!

Sangeeta in particular has to tolerate a lot of my pondering and at times groaning about a million different things. But like some spiritual guru, she always seems to have a succinct one-liner that addresses my concern and drives me forward. Thank you!

Thanks to my five-year-old son, Tej. Tej means brilliance/radiance in Marathi, and Tej has lit up our lives in every sense of the word. He competed with the book for attention and invariably won, but was perceptive enough to let go of his catch and allow me to write. Thank you, Tej.

. You will find the detailed documents for each JSR at https://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=>.

The Oracle Java Cloud Service runs on Oracle WebLogic Server and runs a mix of Java EE 5 and Java EE 6 technologies. So although not all the technologies listed are supported by the Oracle Java Cloud Service, the information in this appendix is important for an understanding of Java EE and its evolution over versions 5, 6, and 7.

You will find a list of technologies supported on the Oracle Java Cloud Service in Appendix C and a discussion about Oracle Java Cloud support for various technologies in

J2EE 1.4 was the version prior to Java EE 5. Although J2EE 1.4 was popular, it also got a lot of flak for being complex and difficult to use. So based on the feedback from developers, Java EE 5 was a major effort at simplification across all enterprise Java technologies. The 2 in the version name was dropped, and the version jumped from J2EE 1.4 to Java EE 5.

Java EE 5 introduced annotations, looked to cut down on XML configuration, and made XML optional wherever possible. Java EE 5 also introduced dependency injection, which reduced the need to look up and create resources and led to more concise, easy-to-understand code.

The Java Persistence API (JPA) was another important addition to Java EE 5. JPA standardized object relational mapping for managing relational data using Plain Old Java Objects (POJOs).

The following is a listing of the various APIs in Java EE 5, broadly classified into technologies that deal with Web Services, Web Applications, Enterprise Applications, and Management and Security.

Java EE 6 was focused on continuing the simplification of the platform with extensive use of annotations to add functionality to Plain Old Java Objects (POJOs).

Java EE 6 also introduced application-specific forms of the Java EE platform known as Profiles, the first being the lightweight Web Profile, which included a subset of Java EE 6 technologies, targeted at building web applications. Therefore, developers could now choose to use the Web Profile or the Full Platform.

Java EE 6 also introduced Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI), which took dependency injection further by giving developers the choice to inject an instance based on the context for that injection.

Considering the growing popularity of RESTful web services, Java EE 6 also introduced the Java API for RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS).

The following is a listing of the various APIs in Java EE 6, broadly classified into technologies that deal with Web Services, Web Applications, Enterprise Applications, Management and Security, and Java SE technologies of relevance to Java EE.