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Warren Gay - Custom Raspberry Pi Interfaces: Design and Build Hardware Interfaces for the Raspberry Pi

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Book:
Custom Raspberry Pi Interfaces: Design and Build Hardware Interfaces for the Raspberry Pi
Author:
Warren Gay
Publisher:
Apress
Genre:
Books / Computer
Year:
2017
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This book equips the reader with skills necessary to design and build custom hardware interfaces for the Raspberry Pi. A thorough chapter on interfacing 5-volt systems to 3.3-volt Raspberry Pis expands the readers choice of peripheral options. Ready to go C++ programs involving GPIO and I2C peripherals are provided. Explores ADC, DAC, rotary encoders, CMOS shift registers. I2C I/O extenders.

Readers will discover low cost display and sensor options for embedded system projects. Master 12C communications using Raspbian Linux in C++. Perform ADC and DAC experiments. Debounce buttons and switches using hardware and software solutions. Read rotary encoders for direction and step. Develop flywheel rotary encoder effects for ease of tuning. Construct a hardware interface to the Music Playing Daemon (MPD) with developed software. Discover how to add your own hardware keypad for remote combination lock applications.

What youll learn:

Build simple, low cost input/output interfaces including rotary encoders
Interface with 5-volt devices from a 3-volt Raspberry Pi system
Conquer stuttering buttons and switches through hardware and software debouncing
Apply analog to digital and digital to analog conversions on the Pi
Read potentiometers (volume control) from the Pi
Determine step, directions, and velocity of a rotary encoder
Provide your own hardware devices for embedded applications
Perform remote interfacing using the I2 PCF8574 chip
Work with external CMOS devices like the 74HC595 (in C++)

Who this book is for:

Students and hobbyists interested in building custom interfaces for their Raspberry Pis.

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Warren Gay 2017

Warren Gay Custom Raspberry Pi Interfaces 10.1007/978-1-4842-2406-9_1

1. Introduction

Warren Gay 1

(1)

St Catharines, Ontario, Canada

These are exciting times for hobby computing! In the 1980s you had to round up chips for the central processing unit (CPU), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), and random access memory (RAM); find some peripherals; and then wire up the numerous address and data bus lines. After all that, you still had a pretty limited 8-bit system with no operating system. Today, you can acquire a 64-bit ARM quad-core system on a chip (SoC) with 1GB of memory and several built-in peripherals already assembled! Not only that, but the system will run a Unix operating system, whether it be Linux or some flavor of BSD, complete with a compiler and a plethora of other software tools. All of this fits in the space of a credit card footprint.

You can purchase a number of Raspberry Pi hats to add hardware interfaces, but these come at a steeper cost than doing it yourself. Adding your own hardware interfaces is not only fairly easy to do but is incredibly fun! There are some small challenges, however, especially when interfacing the 3-volt (3V) Raspberry Pi to a 5V world. But this book will prepare you for that.

Chapter will step you through what you need to know.

Since the monitor is often a critical display component, Chapter will examine how to use the small 162-character LCD screens over the Pis inter-integrated circuit (I2C) bus.

Button and switch interfaces with metal contacts often require debouncing. Chapter covers how to read potentiometers, further exploiting the ADC concepts.

Chapter explores the more powerful MCP23017 input/output (I/O) extender chip for GPIO expansion.

Chapter brings many of the presented topics together in an embedded application. In this project, a hardware rotary control is used in conjunction with an MPD to select music or Internet radio stations. A potentiometer feeds volume control information for instant digital volume adjustment. An embedded application normally runs headless, so an economical 162 LCD is used to round out this demonstration.

Chapter wraps up the book with one more interfacethe keypad. In this chapter, a PCF8574 in dual inline package (DIP) form is used to create a remote keypad using the I2C bus. The software application demonstrates a combination lock. The I2C bus permits the keypad to exist some distance away from the Raspberry Pi but using only a four-wire ribbon cable. The ribbon cable carries two lines for power and two more for I2C communication. This is also an ideal arrangement for robotics.

Raspberry Pi 3 and Zero

The two recent developments are the Raspberry Pi Zero and the Raspberry Pi 3. You could say these models are at opposite ends of the spectrum. The Zero is in high demand, mainly because of its killer price of $5. The Pi 3, on the other hand, has killer performance for the price.

This book is generally neutral about what Pi you choose to apply. The book was developed using a Raspberry Pi 3, but except for performance differences, all examples should work for all models.

Why GPIO Is Important

One of the keys to the success of the Raspberry Pi is a design that offers GPIO interfaces. In the PC era, people had to attach their home-brewed hardware through the PCs printer parallel interface or work with the more cumbersome RS-232 interface. With the Pi, you have access to serial data, a clock, I2C, serial peripheral interface (SPI), pulse width modulation (PWM), and general I/O signaling. This arrangement is far more capable and opens a world of options to the Pi user.

What to Purchase

In addition to the basics necessary to run your Raspberry Pi, youll need to acquire the following items for the chapter experiments. Also listed are the specific chapters they apply to.

Breadboard
Plenty of Dupont wires (for breadboarding)
Pi Cobbler (GPIO to breadboard)
74LS04 (Chapter )
74LVC244 (Chapter )
74LVC245 (Chapter )
74LVC244 (Chapter )
CD4049 or CD4050 (Chapter )
74HCT244 (Chapter )
74HCT245 (Chapter )
CD4001 (Chapter )
High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) to VGA adapter (Chapter only)
LCD module 1602A (Chapters )
I2C Serial Interface Module with PCF8574 chip, for LCD (Chapters )
I2C level converter (Chapters )
MC14490 chip (Chapter )
0.01 microfarad capacitor (Chapter )
Push buttons (Chapter )
YL-40 printed circuit board (PCB) using PCF8591 chip (Chapter )
3.1 kiloohm and 15 kiloohm 1/8 watt, resistors (Chapter )
1N914 diode (Chapter )
3.3 kiloohm 1/8 watt resistor (Chapter )
1 Kiloohm linear potentiometer (Chapters )
Optional knob for potentiometer (Chapters )
Keyes KY-040 rotary encoder (Chapters )
Optional knob for rotary encoder (Chapters )
2 170 ohm resistor (Chapter )
2 LEDs
74HC165 (Chapter )
74HC595 (Chapter )
MCP23017 (Chapter )
2 PCF8574P (Chapter )
Hex keypad (Chapter )

Software to Download

For this book, youll need to perform two software downloads.

Download the software for this book, Exploring the Raspberry Pi 2 with C++ , from here:
- https://github.com/ve3wwg/raspberry_pi2.git
Download the source code for this book from either of the following locations:
- https://github.com/ve3wwg/custom_interfaces_pi.git
- www.apress.com/9781484217382

Once the Exploring the Raspberry Pi 2 with C++ software is downloaded, go into its directory and install it, as shown here:

$ cd raspberry_pi2

$ make all install

This will give you access to the C++ library code that this book builds upon, as well as the gp utility for controlling GPIO from the command line.

To build this volumes source code, go into its subdirectory and type the following:

$ cd custom_interfaces_pi

$ make

This will compile all the programs discussed in this book, saving you from having to do that later. The compiled executables are left in their subdirectories and are not installed anywhere else on your Raspberry Pi.

Lets Begin

With those formalities out of the way, you can begin your exploration of hardware interfaces on the Pi!

Most of the chapters can be read out of sequence. This is helpful when you are waiting for ordered components to arrive. Before attempting any interface involving 5 volts, however, I strongly recommend that you digest Chapter first.

Warren Gay 2017

Warren Gay Custom Raspberry Pi Interfaces 10.1007/978-1-4842-2406-9_2

2. 3V/5V Signal Interfacing

Warren Gay 1

(1)

St Catharines, Ontario, Canada

Looking through online forums, I often see posts from people struggling with how to interface between 3V and 5V logic systems. Advice varies widely, ranging from connecting it directly seems to work for me to other dubious methods.

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