Vromans - Perl Pocket Reference
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Perl Pocket Reference: summary, description and annotation
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If you have a Perl programming question, youll find the answer quickly in this handy, easy-to-use quick reference. The Perl Pocket Reference condenses and organizes stacks of documentation down to the most essential facts, so you can find what you need in a heartbeat. Updated for Perl 5.14, the 5th edition provides a summary of Perl syntax rules and a complete list of operators, built-in functions, and other features.
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Copyright 2011 Johan Vromans
Perl Pocket Reference, Fifth Edition
by Johan Vromans
All rights reserved.
Previous editions of this book were published as Perl 4 Pocket Reference and Perl 5 Pocket Reference .
Published by OReilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
OReilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (.
Editor: Simon St. Laurent
Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the OReilly logo are registered trademarks of OReilly Media, Inc. The Pocket Reference/Pocket Guide series designations, Perl Pocket Reference , the image of the camel, and related trade dress are trademarks of OReilly Media, Inc.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and OReilly Media, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author(s) assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
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The Perl Pocket Reference is a quick reference guide to Larry Walls Perl programming language. It contains a concise description of all statements, functions, and variables, and lots of other useful information.
The purpose of the Pocket Reference is to aid users of Perl in finding the syntax of specific functions and statements and the meaning of built-in variables. It is not a self-contained user guide; basic knowledge of the Perl language is required. It is also not complete; some of the more obscure variants of Perl constructs have been left out. But all functions and variables are mentioned in at least one way they can be used.
Perl releases are identified by a version number, a sequence of at least two numbers, separated by periods. This books describes Perl 5.14.1, released on June 16, 2011.
5.14.1 | Meaning |
|---|---|
| The language revision. Perl 5 was first released on October 17,1994. |
| The version of this revision. An even number indicates an official production version, while an odd number indicates a development version. |
| The subversion. 0 (zero) is the first release, higher numbers indicate maintenance releases. |
thisdenotes text that you enter literally.
thismeans variable text, i.e., things you must fill in.
thismeans that if this is omitted, $_ will be used instead.
is a keyword, i.e., a word with a special meaning.
[... ]denotes an optional part.
points to related documents, which can be viewed with a perldoc command.
As of version 5.10, Perl supports features to selectively enhance the syntax and semantics of the language. Features can be enabled with usefeature and disabled with nofeature, see the section .
Feature | Perl | Description | Page |
|---|---|---|---|
say | 5.10 | Enables the keyword say . | |
state | 5.10 | Enables the keyword state . | |
switch | 5.10 | Enables the keywords given , when , break , and default . | |
unicode_strings | 5.12 | Enables Unicode semantics in all string operations. | |
:5.10 | 5.10 | All 5.10 features. | |
:5.12 | 5.12 | All 5.10 and 5.12 features. | |
:5.14 | 5.14 | All 5.10, 5.12 and 5.14 features. |
Feature bundles like :5.14 provide a quick means to get a fully featured Perl, although it is easier to automatically enable version dependent features with:
Perl is a free-format programming language. This means that in general it does not matter how a Perl program is written with regard to indentation and lines.
An exception is when Perl encounters a sharp or pound symbol (#) in the input: it then discards this symbol and everything following it up to the end of the current input line. This can be used to put comments in Perl programs. Real programmers put lots of useful comments in their programs.
There are places where whitespace does matter: within literal text, patterns, and formats.
If the Perl compiler encounters the special token __DATA__, it discards this symbol and stops reading input. Anything following this token is ignored by the compiler, but can be read by the program when it is run, using the package filehandle DATA.
__END__ behaves like __DATA__ in the top level script (but not in files loaded with require or do ) and leaves the remaining contents of the file accessible via the global filehandle DATA.
When Perl is expecting a new statement and encounters a line that starts with =, it skips all input up to and including a line that starts with =cut. This is used to embed documentation.
perlsyn.
Tools exist to extract embedded documentation and generate input suitable for several formatters like troff, L A TEX, and HTML. The following commands can be used to control embedded documentation:
=backSee =over on the next page.
=beginfmtSets the subsequent text up to a matching =end to be included only when processed for formatter fmt .
=cutEnds a document section.
=endfmtSee =begin.
=forfmtRestricts the remainder of just this paragraph to be included only when processed for formatter fmt.
=headN headingProduces a heading. N must be 1, 2, 3, or 4.
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