LitArk » Books » Computer

Chris Fehily - SQL (Database Programming)

Here you can read online Chris Fehily - SQL (Database Programming) full text of the book (entire story) in english for free. Download pdf and epub, get meaning, cover and reviews about this ebook. year: 2014, publisher: Questing Vole Press, genre: Computer. Description of the work, (preface) as well as reviews are available. Best literature library LitArk.com created for fans of good reading and offers a wide selection of genres:

Romance novel Science fiction Adventure Detective Science History Home and family Prose Art Politics Computer Non-fiction Religion Business Children Humor

Choose a favorite category and find really read worthwhile books. Enjoy immersion in the world of imagination, feel the emotions of the characters or learn something new for yourself, make an fascinating discovery.

Book:
SQL (Database Programming)
Author:
Chris Fehily
Publisher:
Questing Vole Press
Genre:
Books / Computer
Year:
2014
Rating:
4 / 5
Favourites:
Add to favourites
Your mark:
- 80
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5

Description
Author's other books
Similar books

SQL (Database Programming): summary, description and annotation

We offer to read an annotation, description, summary or preface (depends on what the author of the book "SQL (Database Programming)" wrote himself). If you haven't found the necessary information about the book — write in the comments, we will try to find it.

As dynamic, database-driven Web sites become the standard, more and more nonprogrammers just like yourself are being forced to work with database information and create and edit database objects. With SQL and this task-based guide to it, you can do it toono programming experience required!
After going over the relational database model and SQL syntax in the first few chapters, veteran author Chris Fehily launches into the tasks that will get you comfortable with SQL fast. In addition to explaining SQL basics, this updated reference covers the ANSI SQL:2003 standard and contains a wealth of brand-new information, including a new chapter on set operations and common tasks, well-placed optimization tips to make your queries run fast, sidebars on advanced topics, and added IBM DB2 coverage.
Best of all, the books examples were tested on the latest versions of Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, IBM DB2, MySQL, and PostgreSQL. On the companion Web site, you can download the SQL scripts and sample database for all these systems and put your knowledge to work immediately on a real database..

Chris Fehily: author's other books

Who wrote SQL (Database Programming)? Find out the surname, the name of the author of the book and a list of all author's works by series.

SQL (Database Programming) — read online for free the complete book (whole text) full work

Below is the text of the book, divided by pages. System saving the place of the last page read, allows you to conveniently read the book "SQL (Database Programming)" online for free, without having to search again every time where you left off. Put a bookmark, and you can go to the page where you finished reading at any time.

Light

Font size:

↓

↑

Reset

Interval:

↓

↑

Bookmark:

Make

SQL

by Chris Fehily

Editor: Kevin Debenjak

Proofreader: Pat Kissell

Compositor: Hiromi Yamada

Cover: Questing Vole Press

By the Same Author

SQL Tricks

SQL Short Course

For a complete list of titles, go to questingvolepress.com.

Contents

Introduction

SQL (pronounced es-kyoo-el ) is the standard programming language for creating, updating, and retrieving information thats stored in databases. With SQL, you can turn your ordinary questions (Where do our customers live?) into statements that your database system can understand ( SELECT DISTINCT city, state FROM customers; ). You might already know how to extract this type of information by using a graphical query or reporting tool, but perhaps youve noticed that this tool becomes limiting or cumbersome as your questions grow in complexity thats where SQL comes in.

You also can use SQL to add, change, and delete data and database objects. All modern relational database management systems (DBMSs) support SQL, although support varies by product (more about that later in this introduction).

Database vs. DBMS

A database is not the same as the database software that youre running; its incorrect to say, Oracle is a database. Database software is called a database management system ( DBMS ). A database , which is just one component of a DBMS, is the data itself that is, its a container (one or more files) that stores structured information. Besides controlling the organization, integrity, and retrieval of data in databases, DBMSs handle tasks such as physical storage, security, backup, replication, and error recovery.

DBMS also is abbreviated RDBMS , in which the R stands for relational . An RDBMS organizes data according to the relational model (see ) rather than, say, a hierarchical or network model. This book covers only relational systems, so when I use DBMS , the initial R is implied.

About SQL

SQL is:

A programming language
Easy to learn
Declarative
Interactive or embedded
Standardized
Used to change data and database objects
Not an acronym

A programming language. SQL is a formal language in which you write programs to create, modify, and query databases. Your database system executes your SQL program, performs the tasks youve specified, and displays the results (or an error message). Programming languages differ from natural (spoken) languages in that programming languages are designed for a specific purpose, have a small vocabulary, and are inflexible and utterly unambiguous. So if you dont get the results you expect, its because your program contains an error or bug and not because the computer misinterpreted your instructions. (Debugging ones programs is a cardinal programming task.)

SQL, like any formal language, is defined by rules of syntax , which determine the words and symbols you can use and how they can be combined, and semantics , which determine the actual meaning of a syntactically correct statement. Note that you can write a legal SQL statement that expresses the wrong meaning (good syntax, bad semantics). introduces SQL syntax and semantics.

Easy to learn. Easy compared with other programming languages, that is. If youve never written a program before, youll find the transition from natural to formal language frustrating. Still, SQLs statements read like sentences to make things easy on humans. A novice programmer probably would understand the SQL statement SELECT au_fname, au_lname FROM authors ORDER BY au_lname; to mean List the authors first and last names, sorted by last name, whereas the same person would find the equivalent C or Perl program impenetrable.

Declarative. If youve never programmed, you can skip this point without loss of continuity. If youve programmed in a language such as C or Javascript, youve used a procedural language , in which you specify the explicit steps to follow to produce a result. SQL is a declarative language , in which you describe what you want and not how to do it; your database systems optimizer will determine the how. As such, standard SQL lacks traditional control-flow constructs such as if-then-else, while, for, and goto statements.

To demonstrate this difference, Ive written programs that perform an equivalent task in Microsoft Access Visual Basic (VB; a procedural language) and SQL. shows how to do the same task with a single SQL statement (as opposed to about 20 lines of VB code). With SQL, you specify only what needs to be accomplished; the DBMS determines and performs internally the actual step-by-step operations needed to get the result.

Listing i.1 This Microsoft Access Visual Basic routine extracts the first and last names from a database table containing author information and places the results in an array.

Sub GetAuthorNames()

Dim db As Database

Dim rs As Recordset

Dim i As Integer

Dim au_names() As String

Set db = CurrentDb()

Set rs = db.OpenRecordset("authors")

rs.MoveLast

ReDim au_names(rs.RecordCount - 1, 1)

With rs

.MoveFirst

i = 0

Do Until .EOF

au_names(i, 0) = ![au_fname]

au_names(i, 1) = ![au_lname]

i = i + 1

.MoveNext

Loop

End With

rs.Close

db.Close

End Sub

Listing i.2 This single SQL statement performs the same query as the Visual Basic routine in . Accesss internal optimizer determines the best way to extract the data.

SELECT au_fname, au_lname

FROM authors;

Moreover, is a trivial SQL query. After you add common operations such as sorts, filters, and joins, you might need more than 100 lines of procedural code to accomplish what a single SQL SELECT statement can do.

Interactive or embedded. In interactive SQL, you issue SQL commands directly to your DBMS, which displays the results as soon as theyre produced. DBMS servers come with both graphical and command-line tools that accept typed SQL statements or text files that contain SQL programs (scripts).

If youre developing database applications, you can embed SQL statements in programs written in a host language , which commonly is a general-purpose language (C++, Java, or COBOL, for example) or a scripting language (Perl, PHP, or Python). A PHP CGI script can use an SQL statement to query a MySQL database, for example; MySQL will pass the query result back to a PHP variable for further analysis or webpage display. Drawing from the preceding examples, Ive embedded an SQL statement in an Access Visual Basic program in .

Listing i.3 Here, Visual Basic serves as the host language for embedded SQL.

Sub GetAuthorNames2()

Dim db As Database

Dim rs As Recordset

Set db = CurrentDb()

Set rs = db.OpenRecordset(" SELECT au_fname, au_lname FROM authors; ")

' --Do something with rs here.

rs.Close

db.Close

End Sub

This book covers only interactive SQL. In general, any SQL statement that can be used interactively also can be used in a host language, though perhaps with slight syntactic differences, depending on your DBMS, host language, and operating environment.

Standardized. SQL isnt owned by any particular firm. Its an open standard defined by an international standards working group, under the joint leadership of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Engineering Consortium (IEC). The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) participates in the working groups and has ratified the standard ( in Chapter 3.

Light

Font size:

↓

↑

Reset

Interval:

↓

↑

Bookmark:

Make

Similar books «SQL (Database Programming)»

Look at similar books to SQL (Database Programming). We have selected literature similar in name and meaning in the hope of providing readers with more options to find new, interesting, not yet read works.

Tim Warren

SQL Database Programming: The Ultimate Guide to Learning SQL Database Programming Fast!

Kevin Kline

SQL in a Nutshell: A Desktop Quick Reference

Kevin Kline

SQL in a Nutshell

Kevin Kline

SQL in a Nutshell, 4th Edition

Thomas Valentine

Database-Driven Web Development: Learn to Operate at a Professional Level with PERL and MySQL

Alice Zhao

SQL Pocket Guide: A Guide to SQL Usage

McLaughlin

Oracle Database 12c PL/SQL Programming

DeBarros

Practical SQL: a beginners guide to storytelling with data

Kline Kevin E.

SQL in a nutshell: [a desktop quick reference ; covers MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, and SQL server]

Allen G. Taylor

SQL for Dummies, 9th Edition

Mike Gunderloy

Absolute Beginners Guide to Microsoft Office Access 2003

Andrew Couch

Microsoft Access 2010 VBA Programming Inside Out

Reviews about «SQL (Database Programming)»

Discussion, reviews of the book SQL (Database Programming) and just readers' own opinions. Leave your comments, write what you think about the work, its meaning or the main characters. Specify what exactly you liked and what you didn't like, and why you think so.