Douglas - Python Programming Cookbook for Absolute Beginners: A Complete Crash Course and Tutorial for Everyone Including Dummies

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Python Programming Cookbook for Absolute Beginners

A Complete Crash Course and Tutorial for Everyone Including Dummies

By

Ken Douglas

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1

What is Python?

P ython is a coding language which means that can be used for other types of programming and software development besides web development.Python can be used for things like: Back end (or server-side) web and mobile app development.

Python Version 2 vs Version 3

So back in 2008, the creator of Python, Guido van Rossum was a bit unhappy with some of the really important architectural decisions that were made early on in Python and he wanted to change them so he decided to overhaul Python and release Python 3.People were supposed to adopt it pretty quickly and stick with it But as you can probably tell by the fact that I have to subtitle this video it was more complicated than that and the reason for all the trouble all the controversy is that Python 3 is not backwards compatible.So usually when you have a programming language and changes are made it's made incrementally and it's made in a way that old code can still run.So old javascripts written five years ago if you tried to run it now there won't be any problems It won't be using some of the new features and It might not look as nice but it will still work.

But with Python 3 the opposite was true.Python 2 was definitely the best choice early on.But things have changed it's just been really slowly very incrementally but almost 10 years later Python 3 is absolutely the way to go.So, what makes me say that well first of all it's just easier in general to learn the most up to date current standards to learn Python 3 and then go back if you need to work in Python to for some reason.You can figure out the key differences in the quirks rather than going the other way but more importantly most of the main criticisms of things people didn't like just don't matter anymore.It used to be that all the popular packages all the tools that people would use the utilities that were written for Python were only written in Python too.So, if you upgraded to Python 3 you were in this frontier land where you couldn't rely on common packages it is no longer the case now,throughout this book we would be working with the upgraded python 3.

Installing python 3

Before we begin our python journey,let us look at how we can install python on both Mac and Windows devices

Mac

Step 1 - open the terminal

We will complete most of our installation and set it up from the command line. This is a non-graphical way to interact with your computer. That is, instead of clicking buttons, type text and also get text feedback from your computer. The command line, also known as a shell, can help you change and automate many of the tasks you do on a computer every day. It is an indispensable tool for software developers.

The macOS terminal is an application that allows you to access the command line interface. As with any other application, you can find it by navigating to the Applications folder in Finder, and then to the Utilities folder. From here, as with any other application, double-click the terminal to open it. Alternatively, you can use Spotlight by holding down the "" and "Spacebar" keys to find Terminal by typing it in the box that appears.

Step 2 - install Xcode

Xcode is an integrated development environment (IDE) that contains software development tools for macOS. You may already have Xcode installed. To verify, enter the following in your terminal window:

xcode-select -p

When you get the following output, Xcode will be installed:

Output/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools

If you get an error message, install Xcode from the App Store in your web browser and accept the default options.After installing Xcode, return to your terminal window. Next, you need to install Xcode's separate command line tools app. To do this, enter the following:

xcode-select --install

At this point, Xcode and its command line tools app are fully installed and we are ready to install the package manager homebrew.

Step 3 - install and set up home-brew

Although the OS X terminal has many functions of Linux terminals and other Unix systems, it is not delivered with a good package manager. A * package manager * is a collection of software tools used to automate installation processes. This includes installing software for the first time, upgrading and configuring software, and removing software as needed. You keep the installations in a central location and can manage all software packages on the system in the formats commonly used. * Homebrew * offers OS X a free and open source system for managing software packages, which simplifies the installation of software under OS X.

Type the following in your terminal window to install homebrew:

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

Since Homebrew was created with Ruby, your computer's Ruby path will change. The command + curl + gets a script from the specified URL. This script explains how it works and stops the process to ask for confirmation. In this way, you receive a lot of feedback on the actions of the script on your system and have the opportunity to check the process.If you have to enter your password, note that your keystrokes are not shown in the terminal window, but are recorded, simply press the "+ Return" key as soon as you have entered your password. Otherwise, press the letter "y +" for "yes" when prompted to confirm the installation.Let's look at the flags associated with the "+ curl +" command:

1. The flag -` + f + oder + - fail + `instructs the terminal window not to output an HTML document in the event of server errors.
2. The + -s + or + - silent + flag + curl + mutes so that the progress bar is not displayed, and combined with the + -S + or + - show-error + flag it appears Make sure that "+ curl +" displays an error message if this fails.The"+ 3.
3. -L" or "+ -" location and "" flags instruct "curl" to retry the request to a new location when the server reports that the requested page has been moved to another location .Once the installation process is complete, we put the homebrew directory in the environment variable "+ PATH +" above. This ensures that homebrew installations are accessed using the tools that Mac OS X automatically selects and that may conflict with the development environment we created.You should + ~ / .bash_profile + create or open the file with the command line text editor * nano * using the command + nano + : nano ~/.bash_profile

When the file is open in the terminal window, write the following:

export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH

To save your changes, hold down the "" key and the letter "o" and press the "" key when prompted. Now you can quit Nano by holding the "" key and the letter "x".To activate these changes, enter the following in the terminal window:

source ~/.bash_profile

Once you do this, the changes you make to the "+ PATH" environment variable take effect.We can ensure that homebrew has been successfully installed by entering:

brew doctor

If no updates are required at this point, the output from the terminal is:

OutputYour system is ready to brew.

Otherwise, you may receive a warning to run another command such as "+ brew update +" to ensure that your Homebrew installation is up to date.Once Homebrew is done, you can install Python 3.

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