Gault - Beginning Oracle Application Express 5
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Whether youre new to Oracle or an old hand whos yet to test the waters of APEX, Beginning Oracle Application Express 5 introduces the processes and best practices youll need to become proficient with APEX. The book shows off the programming environment, the utilities and tools available, and then continues by walking through the process of building a working system from the ground up. All code is documented and explained so that those new to the languages will not be lost. After reading this book, power users and programmers alike can quickly put together robust and scalable applications for use by one person, by a department, by an entire company. Beginning Oracle Application Express 5 introduces version 5 of the popular and productive Oracle Application Express development platform. Called APEX for short, the platform enables rapid and easy development of web-based applications that make full use of Oracle Database. The release of APEX 5 brings major new changes to the page builder, an enhanced universal theme, better RESTful web services support, enhanced application packaging, and the many redesigned wizards give a new and fresh feel to the user interface. Covers brand-new functionality in APEX 5; Provides fully documented and explained example code; Guides you through creating a working and fully deployable application.
Gault: author's other books
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Sten E. Vesterli
Marcel Van Der Plas
Alex Nuijten
Edmund Zehoo
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Doug Gault 2015
Doug Gault Beginning Oracle Application Express 5 10.1007/978-1-4842-0466-5_11. An Introduction to APEX 5.0
Doug Gault 1
(1)
TX, US
Welcome to the wonderful world of Oracle Application Express (APEX). Youre about to learn how to use a tool that will revolutionize the way you think about and approach writing web-based Oracle systems. It certainly has done so for me.
Prior to the advent of APEX, developing fully interactive, web-based systems for data that resided within an Oracle database almost always meant learning a new and often complex language like Java, .NET, or PHP and then figuring out how to integrate your chosen language seamlessly with that data. Often this also meant trying to incorporate business rules that were already coded in the form of PL/SQL program units.
In such situations, it could take months or even years just to become proficient enough with your chosen language to begin to write a functional system. If youre like many developers, you become frustrated with the fact that youve spent an inordinate amount of time doing what seems to be a relatively easy task.
Fear not! The days of long-winded and complex web-development platforms may be behind you.
What Is APEX?
APEX is a 100% browser-based rapid application development (RAD) tool that helps you to create rich, interactive, Oracle-based web applications very quickly and with relatively little programming effort.
There are many RAD development tools and platforms on the market. If youre dealing with data that resides in an Oracle database, a number of things make APEX distinctive and thus more attractive as a development platform. First and foremost, APEX is built on and uses as its core languages SQL and PL/SQL. This is a huge advantage for those of you who have already been working with the Oracle database, because it means you can immediately draw on what you know. Even if you dont have an Oracle background, but are going to be working with an Oracle database, you need to learn about its particular flavor of SQL and will at some point likely find a need for the PL/SQL procedural language.
PL/SQL program units become even more beneficial when migrating from an Oracle-based system that already has a significant amount of business logic coded into stored PL/SQL program units. In this instance, you can almost immediately take advantage of that logic with very little effort or changes to the existing code.
Another great advantage is that APEX is a declarative tool that provides a feature-rich core of functionality designed to make your job easier. Because APEX takes care of many of the underlying functions common to all web-based applications, you can focus on the logic specific to your application.
A large share of what you need to accomplish can be done using one of the many built-in wizards provided as part of the APEX Application Builder. The wizards walk you through the process of defining what you want your application to do and then store that information as metadata. Once a wizard is complete, you can edit and enhance the functionality or even replace it with your own custom SQL and PL/SQL routines. After you become proficient with APEX, you might even find yourself bypassing the wizards altogether and generating more-complex definitions directly.
During the course of this book, youll likely discover that you want a few other tools at your disposal, but, in truth, you could easily develop a very rich application using nothing but your web browser and what APEX provides for you.
A Brief History of APEX
APEX has been around for quite some timeperhaps even longer than most people know. The first public release of APEX, or HTML DB, as it was called then, came in 2004, but its history reaches back a long way.
Ancient History
APEX has its roots in technology that has been around for quite a while. In fact, parts of the PL/SQL Web Toolkit, which is used under the covers by APEX to generate the HTML that is sent to the browser, date back to as early as 1994.
At that point in time, you could actually write web applications in PL/SQL by hand, and unfortunately many of us did. This required not only a thorough knowledge of PL/SQL and HTML, but also the patience of a saint and the determination of a headstrong mule. The end result wasnt very pretty, and it was definitely not secure by todays terms, but it was functional, if somewhat limited.
Not long after, Oracle introduced PL/SQL Server Pages (PSPs). This involved first coding the static HTML and including special Oracle markup to indicate where dynamic data would go. Once you had the output looking as you wanted, you then ran it through a program called LOADPSP . This would translate the raw HTML and the special Oracle markup into a PL/SQL procedure that, again, used the PL/SQL Web Toolkit to emit the HTML, including the dynamic data you requested. At the time, this was a huge leap forward. I worked at a company where I built an entire framework using PSP technology and deployed it at several clients.
Finally, in 1997, WebDB came on the scene. The true grandfather of what is now called APEX, WebDB was revolutionary in that it was a 100% web-based tool that allowed developers to design web applications. It was written entirely in PL/SQL, even though Java seemed to be taking over the world. Developers could point WebDB at their database and generate code that would produce forms, reports, charts, and calendars. There was no session-state management, and there were no templates; once the code was generated, you couldnt go back through the tool.
WebDB allowed a large number of companies that wanted to jump on the web-based bandwagon to do so without spending vast amounts of time and effort retraining their staff. As a tribute to its success, I know of a number of companies that still have WebDB systems running in production environments.
Unfortunately, WebDBs days were numbered. Because it generated code (and if you didnt like the code it generated, then too bad for you), it had already begun to fade from favor by the time it was absorbed into Oracles Portal product. However, creator Mike Hichwa didnt forget the glimpse of greatness that WebDB had seen.
More Recent History
Around 1999, Oracle CEO Larry Ellison presented Mike Hichwa (VP of Software Development) with the task of creating an internal calendaring and scheduling system for Oracle Corp. The original remit was to use WebDB to generate the initial code and then hand-code all the changes from that point forward. Mike, however, saw this as an opportunity to completely rewrite WebDB into something that could be far more useful. Thus, with the help of Joel Kallman and Tom Kyte, Oracle Flows was born.
Based on the success of the internal calendaring and scheduling system, the team was allowed to move forward toward making Oracle Flows a product. In 2001, using what was then known as Flow Builder, Mike and his team began implementing systems for various customers, including one situation where they managed to replace a Java development project that was going horribly wrong.
By 2003, the team had proven the tools power, and they were given permission to release it as a product. HTML DB 1.5 was released to the public as a no-cost option of Oracle 10gR1.
Since then, various releases have been introduced, each providing improved features and functionality. The following is a very brief list of the releases and some of the more notable features:
- HTML DB 1.6 (2004) introduced themes, master-detail forms, page groups, page locking, and some multilingual capabilities.
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