Jolly M. - Java Interview Course: Prepare for your Java Interview in a day!!!

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Java Interview Course

Jolly M

Copyright 2020 Jolly M

All rights reserved
The characters and events portrayed in this book are fictitious. Any similarity to real persons, living or dead, is coincidental and not intended by the author.
No part of this book may be reproduced, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without express written permission of the publisher.
ISBN-13: 9781234567890
ISBN-10: 1477123456
Cover design by: Art Painter
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018675309
Printed in the United States of America

Contents

Introduction

Java Interview Course book is written based on the experience of many professional Software Architects who have conducted hundreds of technical interviews for their organization.

Java Interview Course covers most of the Java concepts that applicants are expected to have hands-on experience and must have thorough conceptual understating. This book also includes lots of snippets of code and figures to explain the concepts.

A clear understanding of the principles of software design and language is important as the same questions can be discussed during an interview in several different ways.

Interviewers are interested not only in hearing the correct response but also in your opinion and thoughts on the issue. Your approach towards interpreting the questions and articulating your thoughts plays a crucial role in your success.

To build the courage to face such an interview, you need to spend a decent deal of time coding, reading technical topics, and talking to peers about it.

I hope this book helps you plan not just for your next interview but also for your daily task of developing software.

All the best!!!

JAVA FUNDAMENTALS

Java Program Anatomy

The code snippet below depicts the anatomy of a simple Java program.

• Package - Represents logical grouping of similar types into namespaces. It prevents naming collisions and access protection.
• Import - Imports the package, so that classes can be used in the code by their unqualified names.
• Class - Represents a type template having properties and methods.
• Field - Represents a member used for holding values.
• Method - Represents an operation/behavior of the class.
• Modifier - Specifies the access control level of a class and or its members.
• Parameter - Specifies the variable declared in the method definition.
• Argument - Specifies the data passed to the method parameters.

Questions

• What is a package?
• Why do you need to import packages?
• Why do you need to specify access modifiers?
• What is a static import?
  • static import enables access to static members of a class without the need to qualify it by the class name.
• What is the difference between argument and parameter?

Compiling and Executing Java Code in JVM

Java program compilation and execution steps

1. Java compiler compiles the Java source code (.java file) into a binary format known as bytecode (.class file). Java bytecode is a platform-independent instruction set, which contains instructions (opcode) and parameter information.
2. Bytecode is translated by the operating system specific Java Virtual Machine (JVM) into the platform-specific machine code.
3. The Class loader in JVM loads the binary representation of the classes into memory.
4. The Execution engine in JVM executes the byte code and generates operating system specific machine instructions. These machine code instructions are executed directly by the central processing unit (CPU).

Questions

• Explain the process of Java code compilation and execution?
• What is bytecode?
• What is the difference between bytecode and source code?
• What is the machine code?
• What is the difference between bytecode and machine code?
• What is JVM? Is it different or the same for different operating systems?
• What are the major components of JVM?
• What is the role of the class loader in JVM?
• What is the role of the execution engine in JVM?
• What are machine instructions?

Data Types

Primitive Types

• Primitive data types are byte , boolean , char , short , int , float , long and double .
• Primitive types always have value; if not assigned, it will have a default value.
• A long value is suffixed with L (or l) to differentiate it from int .
• A float value is suffixed with F (or f) to differentiate it from double . Similarly double is suffixed with D ( or d )
• A char is unsigned and represent Unicode values.
• When a primitive type is assigned to another variable, a copy is created.

Reference Types

• All non-primitive types are reference types.
• Reference types are also usually known as objects . Though reference types refer to an object in memory.
• An unassigned object of reference type will have null as the default value.
• Objects have variables and methods, which define their state and behavior.
• When a reference is assigned to another reference, both points to the same object.

Questions

• What are primitive data types?
• If a variable of primitive data type is not assigned, what does it contain?
• Why do we suffix L with long, F with Float and D with a double?
• What happens when you assign a variable of a primitive data type to another variable of the same type?
• What are the reference data types?
• What happens when you assign a variable of the reference data type to another variable of the same reference type?
• What are the differences between the primitive data types and the reference data types?
• What is the purpose of variables and methods in a reference type?
• If a variable of reference data type is not assigned, what does it contain?

Naming Convention

Camel Case vs Pascal Case

Camel Case is the practice of writing composite words such that the first letter in each word is capitalized, like BorderLength; it is also known as Pascal Case or upper Camel Case . But in the programming world, Camel case generally starts with the lower case letter, like borderLength; it is also known as lower Camel Case . For this discussion, let's consider the format BorderLength as Pascal Case and the format borderLength as Camel Case .

The Naming convention is a set of rules that govern the naming for the identifiers, which represents interface, class, method, variable, and other entities. Although the choice and implementation of the naming conventions often become a matter of debate.

Standard naming convention improves the code readability, review, and overall understanding.

Interface

• The name should be Pascal Case .
• The name should be an adjective if it defines behavior, otherwise noun.

public interface Runnable

Class

• The name should be Pascal Case .
• The name should be a noun, as a class represents some real-world object.

public class ArrayList

Method

• The name should be Camel Case .

public boolean isEmpty()

Variable

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