Sachin Rathee - Getting Started with Open Source Technologies: Applying Open Source Technologies with Projects and Real Use Cases

Getting Started withOpen SourceTechnologiesApplying Open SourceTechnologies with Projectsand Real Use CasesSachin RatheeAmol ChobeGetting Started with Open Source Technologies: Applying Open SourceTechnologies with Projects and Real Use Cases Sachin Rathee Amol Chobe Florida, FL, USA New Jersey, NJ, USA ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-8126-0 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-8127-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-8127-7 Copyright 2022 by Sachin Rathee and Amol Chobe This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and images only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made.

The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Managing Director, Apress Media LLC: Welmoed Spahr Acquisitions Editor: Divya Modi Development Editor: James Markham Coordinating Editor: Divya Modi Copyeditor: Kim Burton Weisman Cover designed by eStudioCalamar Cover image designed by Freepik (www.freepik.com) Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer Science+Business Media New York, 1 New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004-1562, USA. Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax (201) 348-4505, e-mail orders-ny@springer-sbm.com, or visit www.springeronline.com. Apress Media, LLC is a California LLC and the sole member (owner) is Springer Science + Business Media Finance Inc (SSBM Finance Inc). SSBM Finance Inc is a Delaware corporation. For information on translations, please e-mail booktranslations@springernature.com; for reprint, paperback, or audio rights, please e-mail bookpermissions@springernature.com.

Apress titles may be purchased in bulk for academic, corporate, or promotional use. eBook versions and licenses are also available for most titles. For more information, reference our Print and eBook Bulk Sales web page at http://www.apress.com/bulk-sales. Any source code or other supplementary material referenced by the author in this book is available to readers on GitHub via the books product page, located at www.apress.com/ 978- 1- 4842- 8126- 0. For more detailed information, please visit http://www.apress.com/ source- code. Printed on acid-free paper My creative daughter, Smera, who makes me feel lovedMy kind-hearted son, Niam, who inspires me to be generousMy beautiful wife, Nupur, who makes mewhole with her smilesMy commando dad, who makes me proudwith his achievementsMy loving mom, who encourages me in everything I doMy amazing big brother, Nishant, who always cares for meSachinMy mom, dad, and big brofor helping me believe that anything is possibleMy wife, Anagha,and my children, Aditi and Atharva,for their endless love and supportAmolTable of Contents About the Authors xi About the Technical Reviewer xiii Introduction xv Chapter 1: Open Source: How We Got Here 1 Free Software Foundation 2 The Linux Era 3 The Cathedral and Bazaar Approaches 5 The Open Source Initiative 6 The Open Source Definition 8 FSF and OSI Comparisons 9 Open Source and Closed Source 9 Other Varieties of Software 12 The Open Source Software Community Development Process13 The Current State of Affairs15 Conclusion 16 References 17 Chapter 2: Open Source and Open Standards 19 Open Standards 19 Building Standards 20 Open Source with Open Standards 22 Standards in Practice 24 v Table of ConTenTs Standards in Communications Industry 24 Standards in Automotive Industry 28 Standards in Financial Industry 32 Conclusion 33 References 34 Chapter 3: Open Source Licenses 37 Trusted Open Source Licenses 37 Licensing Options 38 Choosing the Appropriate License for Your Work 40 The Apache License 41 The Berkeley Software Distribution License (BSD License) 42 The GNU General Public License 43 The MIT License 46 The Mozilla Public License 47 The Eclipse Public License 48 License Proliferation 49 Profiting from Open Source 51 Product Contributions 51 Building an Ecosystem 52 Business Strategies 52 Product Services 53 Conclusion 54 References 54 vi Table of ConTenTs Chapter 4: Securing Open Systems 57 Security in the Software Development Life Cycle 57 Planning and Requirements 58 Design and Architecture 59 Implementation 59 Verification 60 Release 60 Processes and Tools 61 Open Source Vulnerability Management 62 Policies and Compliance 65 Security Organizations 67 The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) 67 The Open Source Security Foundation 69 Conclusion 71 References 71 Chapter 5: Open Source in Infrastructure 75 Physical Infrastructure Components 76 Provisioning Systems 79 Virtual Infrastructure Components 80 Virtualization Stack 81 Software-Defined Networking 87 Open Virtual Network 88 Software-Defined Storage 90 Ceph 90 Cloud Computing 91 OpenStack 92 Kubernetes 94 vii Table of ConTenTs Management and Orchestration 95 Conclusion 96 References 97 Chapter 6: Open Source Software for Emerging Technologies 99 What Are AI, ML, DL, and IoT? 99 Artificial Intelligence Implementation 103 AI Engine Framework and Tooling 106 Hardware for AI/ML/IoT Workloads 112 How Businesses Use AI, ML, and IoT 115 AI, ML, and IoT Use Cases 116 Conclusion 121 References 122 Chapter 7: Open Source Technology in Industry 125 Aerospace 125 Agriculture 127 Automotive 129 Energy 130 Gaming 132 Healthcare 133 Manufacturing 135 Telecom 137 Cross-Industry Initiatives 141 Edge142 Blockchain 143 Conclusion 144 References 145 viii Table of ConTenTs Chapter 8: Open Source Growth and Trends 149 Popular Open Source Projects 155 Popular Users 158 Language Statistics 160 Emerging Domains in Open source 163 Cryptocurrency 163 Machine Learning 164 Gaming 165 COVID-19 166 Commercial Organizations Active Contribution 167 Conclusion 168 References 169 Chapter 9: The Path Forward 171 Open Source in Education 173 Curriculum 174 Software Tools 175 Industry Programs 176 Initiating Open Source Projects 177 Getting Involved in Open Source with Enterprises 179 Upcoming Innovations 180 Web 30181 Metaverse 181 Multiexperience 181 Quantum Computing 182 Decentralized Finance 183 ix Table of ConTenTs NFT (Non-Fungible Token) 183 Named Data Networking 183 Conclusion 184 References 184 Index 187 x About the AuthorsSachin Rathee is a technologist and business executive with extensive experience in multiple facets of the software industry.

Sachin has led many transformational projects using open source technologies for various enterprises. He is a strong proponent of open source and presented its value at multiple global conferences. Most recently, Sachin has led the realization of 5G and edge computing use cases in cloud-native environments. He has a bachelors degree in engineering and a masters degree in business. Administration.