Ramez Elmasri - Fundamentals of Database Systems (6th Edition)

FUNDAMENTALS OF

Database Systems

SIXTH EDITION

FUNDAMENTALS OF

SIXTH EDITION

Ramez Elmasri

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

The University of Texas at Arlington

Shamkant B. Navathe

College of Computing

Georgia Institute of Technology

Editor in Chief: Michael Hirsch

Acquisitions Editor: Matt Goldstein

Editorial Assistant: Chelsea Bell

Managing Editor: Jeffrey Holcomb

Senior Production Project Manager: Marilyn Lloyd

Media Producer: Katelyn Boller

Director of Marketing: Margaret Waples

Marketing Coordinator: Kathryn Ferranti

Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Alan Fischer

Senior Media Buyer: Ginny Michaud

Text Designer: Sandra Rigney and Gillian Hall

Cover Designer: Elena Sidorova

Cover Image: Lou Gibbs/Getty Images

Full Service Vendor: Gillian Hall, The Aardvark Group

Copyeditor: Rebecca Greenberg

Proofreader: Holly McLean-Aldis

Indexer: Jack Lewis

Printer/Binder: Courier, Westford

Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color/Hagerstown

Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced with permission in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text.

The interior of this book was set in Minion and Akzidenz Grotesk.

Copyright 2011, 2007, 2004, 2000, 1994, and 1989 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, 501 Boylston Street, Suite 900, Boston, Massachusetts 02116.

Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Elmasri, Ramez.

Fundamentals of database systems / Ramez Elmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe.6th ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN-13: 978-0-136-08620-8

1. Database management. I. Navathe, Sham. II. Title.

QA76.9.D3E57 2010

005.74dc22

To Katrina, Thomas, and Dora

(and also to Ficky)

R. E.

To my wife Aruna, mother Vijaya,
and to my entire family
for their love and support

S.B.N.

This book introduces the fundamental concepts necessary for designing, using, and implementing database systems and database applications. Our presentation stresses the fundamentals of database modeling and design, the languages and models provided by the database management systems, and database system implementation techniques. The book is meant to be used as a textbook for a one- or two-semester course in database systems at the junior, senior, or graduate level, and as a reference book. Our goal is to provide an in-depth and up-to-date presentation of the most important aspects of database systems and applications, and related technologies. We assume that readers are familiar with elementary programming and data-structuring concepts and that they have had some exposure to the basics of computer organization.

The following key features have been added in the sixth edition:

A reorganization of the chapter ordering to allow instructors to start with projects and laboratory exercises very early in the course

The material on SQL, the relational database standard, has been moved early in the book to to allow instructors to focus on this important topic at the beginning of a course

The material on object-relational and object-oriented databases has been updated to conform to the latest SQL and ODMG standards, and consolidated into a single chapter ()

The presentation of XML has been expanded and updated, and moved earlier in the book to

The chapters on normalization theory have been reorganized so that the first chapter () focuses on the formal theories and normalization algorithms

The presentation of database security threats has been updated with a discussion on SQL injection attacks and prevention techniques in , and an overview of label-based security with examples

A new on information retrieval techniques has been added, which discusses models and techniques for retrieval, querying, browsing, and indexing of information from Web documents; we present the typical processing steps in an information retrieval system, the evaluation metrics, and how information retrieval techniques are related to databases and to Web search

The following are key features of the book:

A self-contained, flexible organization that can be tailored to individual needs

A Companion Website ( http://www.aw.com/elmasri ) includes data to be loaded into various types of relational databases for more realistic student laboratory exercises

A simple relational algebra and calculus interpreter

A collection of supplements, including a robust set of materials for instructors and students, such as PowerPoint slides, figures from the text, and an instructors guide with solutions

There are significant organizational changes in the sixth edition, as well as improvement to the individual chapters. The book is now divided into eleven parts as follows:

) includes the introductory chapters

The presentation on relational databases and SQL has been moved to to allow instructors to start SQL projects early in a course if they wish (this reordering is also based on a study that suggests students master SQL better when it is taught before the formal relational languages)