Michael Schrenk - Webbots, Spiders, and Screen Scrapers: A Guide to Developing Internet Agents with PHP/CURL
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Theres a wealth of data online, but sorting and gathering it by hand can be tedious and time consuming. Rather than click through page after endless page, why not let bots do the work for you?
Webbots, Spiders, and Screen Scrapers will show you how to create simple programs with PHP/CURL to mine, parse, and archive online data to help you make informed decisions. Michael Schrenk, a highly regarded webbot developer, teaches you how to develop fault-tolerant designs, how best to launch and schedule the work of your bots, and how to create Internet agents that:
- Send email or SMS notifications to alert you to new information quickly
- Search different data sources and combine the results on one page, making the data easier to interpret and analyze
- Automate purchases, auction bids, and other online activities to save time
Sample projects for automating tasks like price monitoring and news aggregation will show you how to put the concepts you learn into practice.
This second edition of Webbots, Spiders, and Screen Scrapers includes tricks for dealing with sites that are resistant to crawling and scraping, writing stealthy webbots that mimic human search behavior, and using regular expressions to harvest specific data. As you discover the possibilities of web scraping, youll see how webbots can save you precious time and give you much greater control over the data available on the Web.
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Copyright 2012
WEBBOTS, SPIDERS, AND SCREEN SCRAPERS, 2ND EDITION.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher.
16 15 14 13 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
ISBN-10: 1-59327-397-5
Publisher: William Pollock
Production Editor: Serena Yang
Cover and Interior Design: Octopod Studios
Developmental Editor: Tyler Ortman
Technical Reviewer: Daniel Stenberg
Copyeditor: Paula L. Fleming
Compositor: Serena Yang
Proofreader: Alison Law
For information on book distributors or translations, please contact No Starch Press, Inc. directly:
The Library of Congress has catalogued the first edition as follows:
Schrenk, Michael.
Webbots, spiders, and screen scrapers : a guide to developing internet agents with PHP/CURL / Michael
Schrenk.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-59327-120-6
ISBN-10: 1-59327-120-4
1. Web search engines. 2. Internet programming. 3. Internet searching. 4. Intelligent agents
(Computer software) I. Title.
TK5105.884.S37 2007
025.04--dc22
2006026680
No Starch Press and the No Starch Press logo are registered trademarks of No Starch Press, Inc. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we are using the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.
The information in this book is distributed on an As Is basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author nor No Starch Press, Inc. shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in it.
No Starch PressIn loving memory
Charlotte Schrenk 18971982
Michael Schrenk has developed webbots for over 15 years, working just about everywhere from Silicon Valley to Moscow, for clients like the BBC, foreign governments, and many Fortune 500 companies. He is a frequent Defcon speaker and lives in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Daniel Stenberg is the author and maintainer of cURL and libcurl. He is a computer consultant, an internet protocol geek, and a hacker. Hes been programming for fun and profit since 1985. Read more about Daniel, his company, and his open source projects at http://daniel.haxx.se/ .
I want to extend a very special thank you to all the readers of the first edition of Webbots, Spiders, and Screen Scrapers . Since the books initial publication in 2007, youve come to my book signings, attended my talks at conferences, and sent me a steady stream of emails. At every venue, youve communicated your excitement about the webbot projects youre working on, often through very well-considered questions. In fact, your involvement is the number one reason for this second edition and its coverage of new topics like:
Advanced parsing techniques with regular expressions
Improved webbot stealth through the use of proxies
Scaling and mass deployment of webbots
Scraping data from difficult websites that make heavy use of JavaScript and AJAX
I sincerely hope that the tradition of communication with you continues. Please drop by online and say hello.
Official website . http://www.WebbotsSpidersScreenScrapers.com
Facebook . http://www.facebook.com/webbots
Twitter . http://www.twitter.com/mgschrenk
Additionally, Daniel Stenberg (cURL author and maintainer) was the technical reviewer of this book and instrumental to the development of the manuscript.
Finally, a special tip of the hat goes to the great (and by great, I mean patient) folks at No Starch Press, specifically: Tyler, Serena, Alison, Travis, and, of course, Bill. You guys never cease to amaze me with your in-depth knowledge of publishing and your ability to make me readable. I also want to thank you for expanding my appreciation for bourbon at last years Defcon.
My introduction to the World Wide Web was also the beginning of my relationship with the browser. The first browser I used was Mosaic, pioneered by Eric Bina and Marc Andreessen. Andreessen later co-founded Netscape and Loudcloud.
Shortly after I discovered the World Wide Web in 1995, I began to associate the wonders of the Internet with the simplicity of the browser. The browser was more than a software application that facilitated use of the World Wide Web: it was the World Wide Web. It was the new television! And just as television tamed distant video signals with simple channel and volume knobs, browsers demystified the complexities of the Internet with hyperlinks, bookmarks, and back buttons.
My big moment of discovery came when I learned that I didnt need a browser to view web pages. I realized that Telnet, a program used since the early 80s to communicate with networked computers, could also download web pages. I discovered there was no magic behind the web browser. Downloading web pages was really no different from the existing methods for requesting information from networked computers.
Suddenly, the World Wide Web was something I could understand without a browser. It was a familiar client-server architecture where simple clients worked on files found on remote servers. The difference here was that the clients were browsers and the servers sent web pages for the browsers to render.
The only revolutionary thing about browsers was that, unlike Telnet, they were easy for anyone to use. Ease of use and overexpanding content meant that browsers soon gained mass acceptance. The browser caused the Internets audience to shift from physicists and computer programmers to the general public, who were unaware of how computer networks worked. Unfortunately, the average Joe didnt understand the simplicity of client-server protocols, so the dependency on browsers spread further. They didnt understand that there were otherand potentially more interestingways to use the World Wide Web.
As a programmer, I realized that if I could use Telnet to download web pages, I could also write programs that did the same. I could write my own browser if I wanted to! Or, I could write automated agents (webbots, spiders, and screen scrapers) to solve problems that browsers couldnt.
The basic problem with browsers is that theyre manual tools. Your browser only downloads and renders websites: You still need to decide if the web page is relevant, if youve already seen the information it contains, or if you need to follow a link to another web page. Whats worse, your browser cant think for itself. It cant notify you when something important happens online, and it certainly wont anticipate your actions, automatically complete forms, make purchases, or download files for you. To do these things, youll need the automation and intelligence only available with a
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