Cameron Hughes - Professional Multicore Programming: Design and Implementation for C++ Developers

Contents

Professional Multicore Programming: Design and Implementation for C++ Developers

Published by

Wiley Publishing, Inc.

10475 Crosspoint Boulevard

Indianapolis, IN 46256

www.wiley.com

Copyright 2008 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 978-0-470-28962-4

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Hughes, Cameron, 1960

Professional multicore programming : design and implementation for C++ developers/Cameron Hughes, Tracey Hughes.

p. cm.

Includes index.

ISBN 978-0-470-28962-4 (paper/website)

1. Parallel programming (Computer science) 2. Multiprocessors. 3. C++ (Computer program language) 4. System design. I. Hughes, Tracey. I. Title.

QA76.642.H837 2008

005.13'3dc22

2008026307

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4355, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Web site may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Web sites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.

For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.

Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo, Wrox, the Wrox logo, Wrox Programmer to Programmer, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

Excerpts from the POSIX Standard for Thread Management and the POSIX Standard for Process Management in Appendixes C and D are reprinted with permission from IEEE Std. 1003.1-2001, IEEE Standard for Information Technology Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), Copyright 2001, by IEEE. The IEEE disclaims any responsibility or liability resulting from the placement and use in the described manner.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

We would like to dedicate this book to Vera and Mary, our inspiration.

About the Authors

Cameron Hughes is a professional software developer. He is a software engineer at CTEST Laboratories and a staff programmer/analyst at Youngstown State University. With over 15 years as a software developer, Cameron Hughes has been involved in software development efforts of all sizes, from business and industrial applications to aerospace design and development projects. Cameron is the designer of the Cognopaedia and is currently project leader on the GRIOT project that runs on the Pantheon at CTEST Laboratories. The Pantheon is a 24 node multicore cluster that is used in the development of multithreaded search engine and text extraction programs.

Tracey Hughes is a senior graphics programmer at CTEST Laboratories, where she develops knowledge and information visualization software. Tracey Hughes is the lead designer for the M.I.N.D, C.R.A.I.G, and NOFAQS projects that utilize epistemic visualization at CTEST Laboratories. She regularly contributes to Linux development software efforts. She is also a team member on the GRIOT project.

Cameron and Tracey Hughes are also the authors of six books on software development, multithreaded, and parallel programming: Parallel and Distributed Programming Using C ++ (Addison Wesley, 2003), Linux Rapid Application Development (Hungry Minds, 2000), Mastering the Standard C ++ Classes (Wiley, 1999), O bject-Oriented Multithreading Using C ++ (Wiley, 1997), Collection and Container Classes in C ++ (Wiley, 1996), and Object-Oriented I/O Using C ++ Iostreams (Wiley, 1995).

Credits

Executive Editor

Carol Long

Senior Development Editor

Kevin Kent

Technical Editor

Andrew Moore

Production Editor

Christine OConnor

Copy Editor

Foxxe Editorial Services

Editorial Manager

Mary Beth Wakefield

Production Manager

Tim Tate

Vice President and Executive Group Publisher

Richard Swadley

Vice President and Executive Publisher

Joseph B. Wikert

Project Coordinator, Cover

Lynsey Stanford

Proofreader

Christopher Jones

Indexer

Robert Swanson

Acknowledgments

As with all of the projects that we are fortunate to be involved with these days, we could not have made it to the finish line without the help, suggestions, constructive criticisms, and resources of our colleagues and friends. In particular, we would like to thank the YSU student chapter of the ACM for suffering through some of the early versions and rough drafts of the material presented in this book. They were single-handedly responsible for sending us back to the drawing board on more than one occasion. We are indebted to Shaun Canavan for providing us with release time for this project and for picking up the slack on several of the colloquiums and conferences where we had major responsibilities but not enough time to execute them. We would like to thank Dr. Alina Lazar for excusing us from many missed meetings and deadlines. A big thanks goes to Trevor Watkins from Z Group who gave us free and unrestricted access to Site B and for helping us with Linux and the Cell processors. We owe much gratitude to Brian Nelson from YSU who patiently answered many of our pesky questions about the UltraSparc T1 Sun-Fire-T200 and for also giving us enough disk quota and security clearance to get the job done! Thanks to Dr. Kriss Schueller for his inspiring presentation to our group on multicore computing and the UltraSparc T1 and also for agreeing to review some of the early versions of the hardware material that we present in the book. A special thanks goes to CTEST Labs who gave us full access to their Pantheon cluster, multicore Opterons, and multicore Macs. The CTEST Pantheon provided the primary testing resources for much of the material in this book. We would like to thank Jacqueline Hansson from IEEE for her help with the POSIX standards material. Thanks to Greg from Intel who helped us get off to a good start on the Intel Thread Building Blocks library. Thanks to Carole McClendon who saw value in this project from the very beginning and who encouraged us to see it through. A book of this nature is not possible without the input from technical editors, development editors, and reviewers. We have to extend much appreciation to Kevin Kent, our senior development editor, who helped sculpt the material and for providing us with very useful criticism and input throughout the project; to Carol Long, our executive acquisitions editor for her support as we tip-toed past our share of deadlines; to Andrew Moore, our technical editor; and to Christine OConnor, our production editor.