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Brian Jepson - Mac OS X for Unix Geeks (Leopard)

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Brian Jepson Mac OS X for Unix Geeks (Leopard)

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If youre a developer or system administrator lured to Mac OS X because of its Unix roots, youll quickly discover that performing Unix tasks on a Mac is different than what youre accustomed to. Mac OS X for Unix Geeks serves as a bridge between Apples Darwin OS and the more traditional Unix systems. This clear, concise guide gives you a tour of Mac OS Xs Unix shell in both Leopard and Tiger, and helps you find the facilities that replace or correspond to standard Unix utilities.Youll learn how to perform common Unix tasks in Mac OS X, such as using Directory Services instead of the standard Unix /etc/passwd and /etc/group, and youll be able to compile code, link to libraries, and port Unix software using either Leopard and Tiger. This book teaches you to: Navigate the Terminal and understand how it differs from an xterm Use Open Directory (LDAP) and NetInfo as well as Directory Services Compile your code with GCC 4 Port Unix programs to Mac OS X with Fink Use MacPorts to install free/open source software Search through metadata with Spotlights command-line utilities Build the Darwin kernelAnd theres much more. Mac OS X for Unix Geeks is the ideal survival guide to tame the Unix side of Leopard and Tiger. If youre a Unix geek with an interest in Mac OS X, youll soon find that this book is invaluable.

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Mac OS X for Unix Geeks

Table of Contents

Mac OS X for Unix Geeks
Ernest E. Rothman
Brian Jepson
Rich Rosen
Editor
Isabel Kunkle

Copyright 2009 Brian Jepson, Ernest Rothman and Richard Rosen

OReilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (.

OReilly and the OReilly logo are registered trademarks of OReilly Media, Inc. Mac OS X for Unix Geeks, the image of a leopard, and related trade dress are trademarks of OReilly Media, Inc.

Many of the designations uses by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and OReilly Media, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

OReilly Media Preface Once upon a time Unix came with only a few - photo 1

O'Reilly Media

Preface

Once upon a time, Unix came with only a few standard utilities. If you were lucky, it included a C compiler. When setting up a new Unix system, youd have to crawl the Net looking for important software: Perl, gcc, bison, flex, less, Emacs, and other utilities and languages. That was a lot of software to download through a 28.8-Kbps modem. These days, Unix distributions come with many more features, and more and more users are gaining access to a wide-open pipe.

Free Linux distributions pack most of the GNU tools onto a CD-ROM, and now commercial Unix systems are catching up. Solaris comes with a companion CD of free software including a big selection of GNU utilities, and just about every flavor of Unix (including Mac OS X) now includes Perl. Mac OS X also comes with many tools, most of which are open source and complement the tools associated with Unix.

This book serves as a bridge for Unix developers and system administrators whove been lured to Mac OS X because of its Unix roots. When you first launch the Terminal application, youll find yourself at home in a Unix shell. However, Apples credo is Think Different, and youll soon find yourself doing things a little differently. Some of the standard Unix utilities youve grown accustomed to may not be there, /etc/passwd and /etc/group have been supplanted with something called Directory Services, and when it comes to developing applications, youll find that things like library linking and compiling have a few new twists to them.

Despite all the beauty of Mac OS Xs Aqua interface, youll find that some things are different on the Unix side. But rest assured, the changes are easy to deal with if you know what to do. This book is your survival guide for taming the Unix side of Mac OS X.

Audience for This Book

This book is aimed at Unix developersa category that includes programmers who have switched to Linux from a non-Unix platformas well as web developers who spend most of their time in ~/public_html over an ssh connection, and experienced Unix hackers. In catering to such a broad audience, weve chosen to include some material that advanced users might consider basic. However, this choice makes the book accessible to all Unix programmers whove switched to Mac OS X as their operating system of choice, whether they have been using Unix for 1 year or 10. If you are coming to Mac OS X with no Unix background, we suggest that you start with Learning Unix for Mac OS X Tiger by Dave Taylor (OReilly) to get up to speed with the basics.

Organization of This Book

This book is divided into four parts. provides useful reference information.

Heres a brief overview of whats in the book.

Part I, Getting Around

This part of the book orients you to Mac OS Xs unique way of expressing its Unix personality.

This chapter provides you with an overview of the Terminal application, including a discussion of the differences between the Terminal and the standard Unix xterm.
This chapter introduces Spotlight, a subsystem for searching your Mac. In this chapter, youll learn how to access this powerful metadata store from the command line.
Here youll learn about the layout of the Mac OS X filesystem, with descriptions of key directories and files.
This chapter describes the Mac OS X boot process, from when the Apple icon first appears on your display to when the system is up and running.
This chapter gets you started with Mac OS Xs powerful Directory Services system, which replaces or complements the standard Unix flat files in the /etc directory.
This chapter explains how to set up a printer under Mac OS X and shows you around CUPS, the open source printing engine under Mac OS Xs hood.
In this chapter, youll learn how to install and work with the X Window System and how to use both built-in Mac OS X and third-party tools for establishing VNC connections between Mac OS X and other Unix systems.
This chapter introduces some third-party applications that put a new spin on Unix features, such as SSH/SFTP frontends, TeX applications, the statistical package R, and multimedia-related applications.
Mac OS X isnt the only operating system you can run on your Mac. In this chapter, youll learn how you can run many operating systems on your Mac, perhaps even two or three at a time.
Part II, Building Applications

Although Apples C compiler is based on the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), there are important differences between compiling and linking on Mac OS X and on other platforms. This part of the book describes these differences.

This chapter describes the peculiarities of the Apple C compiler, including using macros that are specific to Mac OS X, working with precompiled headers, and configuring a source tree for Mac OS X.
Here we discuss building libraries, linking, and miscellaneous porting issues you may encounter with Mac OS X.
Part III, Working with Packages

There are several packaging options for software that you compile, as well as for software you obtain from third parties. This part of the book covers software packaging on Mac OS X.

In this chapter youll learn all about Fink, a package management system and porting effort that brings many open source applications to Mac OS X.
MacPorts offers another way to install lots of open source software on your Mac. Youll learn all about it in this chapter.
This chapter describes the native package formats used by Mac OS X, as well as packaging options you can use to distribute applications.
Part IV, Serving and System Management

This part of the book talks about using Mac OS X as a server and discusses system administration.

In this chapter, youll learn about setting up your Macintosh to act as a server, selectively letting traffic in (even through a Small Office/Home Office firewall such as the one found in the AirPort base station), setting up Postfix, and setting up and configuring MySQL and PostgreSQL.
This chapter describes commands for monitoring system status and configuring the operating system.
This chapter describes the versions of Perl, Python, Ruby, and Java that ship with Mac OS X, as well as optional modules that can make your experience much richer.
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