Mohammed Chadli - Command-control for Real-time Systems

First published 2013 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:

ISTE Ltd

27-37 St Georges Road

London SW19 4EU

UK

www.iste.co.uk

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

111 River Street

Hoboken, NJ 07030

USA

www.wiley.com

ISTE Ltd 2013
The rights of Mohamed Chadli and Herv Coppier to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2013934628

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-84821-365-4

Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd., Croydon, Surrey CR0 4YY

The topic of this book is automation engineering applied to real systems. We use the term real systems to denote any complex system which forms an integral part of an industrial system, experimental system or onboard system in a vehicle or industrial machine. The peculiarity of these systems is that they are guided by real-time targets in a distributed environment.

Current research in the field of automation engineering relates mainly to systems of finite or of large dimensions, time-delayed systems, discrete event systems, hybrid dynamical systems, incomplete linear systems, etc., the modeling of such systems, identification of them, analysis of their stability, controlling them by coming up with different control laws such as:

The applications for such systems are many, and include applications in all sectors:

The tools available in modern automation engineering serve many purposes, such as identification, parametric estimation, creation of correctors and observers, fault diagnosis, surveillance, etc.

The aim of the research reported herein relates to the computing of correctors for industrial systems of different physical natures, their implementation on real-time industrial targets (API/SCADA systems, embedded systems with distributed networks, Networked Control Systems (NCSs)) and their validation by means of simulation. When creating correctors, we use identification techniques or knowledge modeling. The primary approach in these various research projects is the optimization of industrial systems at the level of their control by making use as fully as possible of the resources available to us in industrial computing, communications networks and minimizing the realization time. In terms of control, 90% of regulation loops have a simple PID (Proportional/Integral/Derivative) control which, in addition, is often not optimized. Certain tools are lacking, as yet, for which we need to write control laws.

The considerable majority of procedures do not have knowledge models, so there is a clear advantage to developing efficient tools to identify knowledge on the basis of ground measurements.

The works presented in this book all stem from research carried out in an industrial context, and published in doctoral theses and masters dissertations:

In more general terms, these works aimed to optimize industrial processes by using tools from automation engineering, industrial computing and communications networks. Indeed, in order to improve their product, industrialists have a never-ending need to optimize the regulating parameters of their procedures. Beyond the study of which control laws to use depending on the process to be modeled, it is also a question of providing generic tools which will work on any industrial computing platform (API/SCADA system) to guide the procedure(s), whilst integrating these tools as closely as possible into a clearly-defined development framework. In the particular case of an autonomous machine (area network or building machine), the computer structure is a system such as an embedded PC or microprocessor with a control area network that transmits distributed measurements to the mobile unit. The question then arises of the reliability and rapidity of area network control loops.

In order to study a real system, the following stages are necessary: