by the same author
The News from Ireland: Foreign Correspondents and the Irish Revolution
Bitter Freedom
Ireland in a Revolutionary
World
MAURICE WALSH
LIVERIGHT PUBLISHING CORPORATION
A Division of W. W. NORTON & COMPANY
Independent Publishers Since 1923
NEW YORK LONDON
Copyright 2015 by Maurice Walsh
Map copyright 2015 by Bill Donohue
First American Edition 2016
First published in Great Britain by Faber & Faber Ltd under the title
Bitter Freedom: Ireland in a Revolutionary World 19181922
All rights reserved
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Production manager: Anna Oler
The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
Names: Walsh, Maurice.
Title: Bitter freedom : Ireland in a revolutionary world / Maurice Walsh.
Description: First American edition. | New York : Liveright Publishing
Corporation, a division of W.W. Norton & Company, 2016. | First published
in Great Britain by Faber & Faber Ltd. under the title Bitter freedom :
Ireland in a revolutionary world, 19181922Title page verso. | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016002970 | ISBN 9781631491955 (hardcover)
Subjects: LCSH: IrelandHistoryWar of Independence, 19191921. |
IrelandHistoryWar of Independence, 19191921Social aspects. |
IrelandHistory19101921. | IrelandPolitics and
government19101921. | World War, 19141918Ireland. | World War,
19141918Political aspects. | World War, 19141918Influence. |
RevolutionsHistory20th century. | World politics19191932.
Classification: LCC DA962 .W322 2016 | DDC 941.5082/1dc23 LC record
available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016002970
ISBN 978-1-63149-196-2 (e-book)
Liveright Publishing Corporation
500 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10110
www.wwnorton.com
W. W. Norton & Company Ltd.
Castle House, 75/76 Wells Street, London W1T 3QT
In memory of
Michael Walsh (18991974)
Contents
Hogan-Wilson Collection, National Library of Ireland
Hogan Collection, National Library of Ireland
Independent Newspapers Collection, National Library of Ireland
Hogan-Wilson Collection, National Library of Ireland
Imperial War Museum
Hogan-Wilson Collection, National Library of Ireland
Hogan-Wilson Collection, National Library of Ireland
Hogan-Wilson Collection, National Library of Ireland
Michael Hynes Collection, Bureau of Military History, Military Archives
Imperial War Museum
Hogan Collection, National Library of Ireland
Hogan-Wilson Collection, National Library of Ireland
Independent Newspapers Collection, National Library of Ireland
Hogan Collection, National Library of Ireland
Hogan Collection, National Library of Ireland
Hogan-Wilson Collection, National Library of Ireland
Hogan-Wilson Collection, National Library of Ireland
1918 |
11 November | Armistice between Germany and the Allied powers ends First World War |
14 November | Tom Masaryk elected president of Czechoslovakia |
16 November | Hungary proclaims itself a republic |
14 December | UK general election voting: Lloyd Georges Liberal and Conservative coalition wins a huge majority; Sinn Fin wins 73 of Irelands 105 seats |
1919 |
15 January | Spartacist uprising crushed in Berlin, Rosa Luxemburg shot |
18 January | Peace conference opens in Paris |
21 January | Irish parliament, Dil ireann, inaugurated in Dublin. Two policemen killed in an ambush by Irish Volunteers at Soloheadbeg in County Tipperary |
5 February | Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, and D. W. Griffith launch United Artists film studio |
8 March | Anti-British riots erupt in Cairo |
23 March | Mussolini launches Italian fascist movement |
1 April | Following his escape from Lincoln Prison in February, Eamon de Valera elected president of Dil ireann |
13 April | In India, 379 protesting civilians massacred by British troops at Amritsar |
1425 April | General strike in Limerick sees the formation of the Limerick soviet |
11 June | De Valera arrives in New York at the start of an eighteen-month tour of the United States |
23 June | Detective Inspector Hunt shot dead in Market Square, Thurles |
28 June | Treaty of Versailles signed |
31 July | Detective Patrick Smyth of G Division of the DMP shot dead by IRA Squad in Dublin |
12 September | Dil ireann declared illegal |
19 December | Viceroy Lord French survives assassination attempt in Dublin |
1920 |
2 January | Ex-servicemen recruited to reinforce the Royal Irish Constabulary; they become known as the Black and Tans |
15 January | Sinn Fin scores big successes in local government elections |
1317 March | Attempted right-wing coup fails in Germany |
20 March | Lord Mayor of Cork, Toms Mac Curtain, shot dead at his home |
26 March | Retired magistrate investigating Dil finances, Alan Bell, shot dead in Dublin |
3 April | Hundreds of tax offices and abandoned police barracks burned by the IRA |
12 April | General strike in support of hunger strikers at Mountjoy Prison in Dublin |
19 July | Sectarian rioting begins in Derry; 19 killed over several days |
21 July | Expulsion of Catholics from Belfast shipyards sets off three days of violence |
25 July | French troops occupy Damascus to begin French mandate in Syria |
27 July | Auxiliary Divison of the RIC is launched, made up of ex-British Army officers |
6 August | Dil ireann declares boycott of goods from protestant firms in Belfast |
9 August | Restoration of Order in Ireland Act gives military sweeping powers including trial of civilians by court martial |
22 August | Assassination of Detective Inspector Swanzy in Lisburn sparks renewed violence in Belfast |
20 S eptember | Black and Tans ransack Balbriggan in County Dublin |
14 October | One of the Soloheadbeg ambushers, Sean Treacy, shot dead in a street battle with Auxiliaries and British intelligence agents in Dublin |
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