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The Concise Oxford Companion to
English Literature
Dinah Birch is Professor of English Literature, University of Liverpool. She has published widely on nineteenth-century literature, and has edited novels by Anthony Trollope, George Eliot, and Elizabeth Gaskell. Her books include Ruskins Myths ( 1988 ), Ruskin on Turner ( 1990 ), and Our Victorian Education ( 2007 ).
Katy Hooper is Special Collections Librarian at the University of Liverpool Library and Assistant Editor for The Oxford Companion to English Literature Seventh Edition.
Margaret Drabble was born in Sheffield and educated at The Mount School, York, and Newnham College, Cambridge. Her numerous works include the novels Jerusalem the Golden, The Needles Eye, The Middle Ground, and the trilogy of novels The Radiant Way, A Natural Curiosity, and The Gates of Ivory. She is married to the biographer Michael Holroyd and lives in London.
WEB LINKS
Many entries in this dictionary have recommended web links. A complete list of links for this and other titles in the series can be found at http://global.oup.com/booksites/reference/
The Concise Oxford Companion to
English Literature
FOURTH EDITION
Edited by DINAH BIRCH
and KATY HOOPER
Previous editions edited by
Margaret Drabble and Jenny Stringer
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP,
United Kingdom
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship,
and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of
Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries
Margaret Drabble and Oxford University Press 2012
The moral rights of the author have been asserted
First issued as an Oxford University Press Paperback 1990
Second edition 2003
Third edition 2007
Fourth edition 2012
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Data available
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
The concise Oxford companion to English literature. Fourth edition / edited by Dinah Birch and
Katy Hooper.
pages cm (Oxford paperback reference)
Previous editions edited by Margaret Drabble and Jenny Stringer.
"Based on the seventh edition of The Oxford Companion to English Literature (2009)"Preface.
ISBN 978-0-19-960821-8 (pbk.)
1. English literatureEncyclopedias. 2. English literatureBio-bibliographyEncyclopedias.
3. English-speaking countriesIntellectual lifeEncyclopedias. 4. English-speaking countriesIn
literatureEncyclopedias. I. Birch, Dinah, editor of compilation. II. Hooper, Katy, editor of
compilation.
PR19.D732 2012
820.90003dc23
2012004182
ISBN 9780199608218
ebook ISBN 9780191036743
Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.
Contents
This volume is based on the seventh edition of The Oxford Companion to English Literature ( 2009 ). Every entry retained has been revised, those on contemporary writers have been updated, and new entries have been added. We hope that this fourth edition of The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature will continue to provide a lively and authoritative source of reference for general readers, scholars, students, and journalists looking for a guide to English literature in its broadest context.
Areas of literature which received enhanced coverage in the parent edition, including childrens literature, black British writing, African American literature, postcolonial literature, science fiction, travel writing, and fantasy, have retained their expanded role, and there are new entries on nature writing and ecocriticism. Space has also been found for a small selection of contemporary writers not previously included, for example Lee Child and Nina Raine; for earlier writers in whose work recent research or translations have fostered a new interest, for example Mary Hays and Tove Jansson, and for themes and forms which have newly come to prominence, for example vampires in literature and manga. Internet links have been provided to guide readers to useful supplementary sources of information.
The editors would like to thank all the contributors to The Oxford Companion to English Literature whose work reappears in this volume in shortened form, and to acknowledge the thoughtful advice on young adult literature offered by Rowena Birch, Jenny Baines, and Gwen Baines. The editors alone are responsible for any differences between the material in this Concise Companion and that in its parent volume.
DINAH BIRCH
KATY HOOPER
Liverpool
October 2011
The present volume is based on the work of all those listed below who wrote and revised entries for its parent volume, the seventh edition of the Oxford Companion to English Literature; we would like to thank them all by including their names here.
Associate Editors
Linda Anderson , Paul Baines , Chris Baldick , Elleke Boehmer , Mishtooni Bose , David Bradshaw , John Bull , J. B. Bullen , John Carey , Ian Christie , Neil Corcoran , Anthony Cross , Patrick Crotty , Jane E. Everson , Russell Goulbourne , Clive Griffin , Peter Kemp , Francis OGorman , Kimberley Reynolds , Isabel Rivers , David Seed , James Simpson , Angela Smith , John Strachan , Stanley Wells , Henry Woudhuysen , Tim Youngs .
Additional Contributors
Kirstie Blair , Roy Bridges , Guy Cuthbertson , Leigh Dale , Tom Earle , Jasper Griffin , Alexandra Harris , Katharine Hodgson , Peter Hunt , Alan Jones , W. Gareth Jones , N. H. Keeble , Jane Moore , David Norton , Peter Parker , Alasdair Pettinger , Deryn Rees-Jones , Nick Rennison , Christopher Rowe , Andy Sawyer , John Sloan , Eric Southworth , Carl Thompson , Sam Trainor , Norman Vance , Edward Welch , Richard White , Anne Whitehead , Michael H. Whitworth , Jane Wright .