First published in Great Britain in 2007 by
Pen & Sword Military
an imprint of
Pen & Sword Books Ltd
47 Church Street
Barnsley
South Yorkshire
S70 2AS
Copyright Antony Hichens
ISBN 9781844156566
eISBN 9781844681709
The right of Antony Hichens to be identified as Author has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
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This book is dedicated to the Officers and Men of Coastal Forces 1939 1945.
Acknowledgements
It is most unlikely that I would ever have written this book without the help and encouragement of my fellow trustees of Coastal Forces Heritage Trust. They asked me to join them because I was my fathers son and they then supported my amateur efforts at writing naval biography. The web of contacts with ex-Coastal Forces personnel through CFHT has been invaluable.
In order to write this book I have had to learn a great deal about the history of Coastal Forces from 1939 to 1943. Without the help of Geoffrey Hudson, the acknowledged expert on Coastal Forces boats, and Len Reynolds, the author of the most complete history of Coastal Forces, most especially MTBs and MGBs at War in Home Waters , this book would have been so full of errors as to become a laughing stock to the veterans who served during that period. They have been kind enough to supply me with an immense amount of data concerning Coastal Forces in general and the Sixth and Eighth MGB Flotillas in particular. The third source of vital information was Captain Trevor Robotham RN, who took off my back the task of searching Admiralty records via the Naval Historical Branch in Portsmouth. He is the Director of the Coastal Forces Heritage Trust but that research was no part of his duties as Director. Although I had some personal knowledge of my fathers pre war life, my elder brother, Robert Hichens, had far more and from his home in Cornwall was able to dig up a great deal that neither of us previously knew.
I have been in correspondence with a large number of men who served in Coastal Forces, some of them in the Sixth or Eighth MGB Flotillas. I would particularly like to thank Sydney Dobson, sometime Able Seaman in the Eighth Flotilla, Roland Clarke sometime gunner in the Sixth Flotilla, Roland Clarke sometime gunner in the Sixth MGB Flotilla, John Motherwell, sometime Sub-Lieutenant, RCNVR, Charlie Mercer, sometime Oerlikon gunner in MGB 21 , Cameron Gough, sometime Lieutenant RNVR who commanded MGB 81 later in the war, James Shadbolt, sometime Lieutenant RNVR and a member of the Eighth Flotilla as a Midshipman and the late Lieutenant Commander Tom Ladner, RCNVR who commanded MGB 75 . I was also greatly helped by Captain Michael Fulford Dobson RN, who served in fast patrol boats in the 1950s and provided valuable criticism of the book as a whole.
I have quoted from a number of sources but most particularly Peter Dickens Night Action by courtesy of his widow, Mrs Mary Dickens, Major General Strictlands private diaries courtesy of his son, Ben Strictland, Judy Middletons monograph of King Alfred , Peter Scotts Battle of the Narrow Seas and Gordon Holmans The Little Ships . Len Reynolds was also kind enough to let me quote from his book Gunboat 658 , as did Roland Clarke from his book of recollections Perlethorpe to Portsmouth . I thank them all.
The maps were drawn and redrawn by Jane Michaelis as I found more and more places the reader needed to identify. She was both efficient and patient.
If the book is still full of typographical inaccuracies it is not the fault of either Geoffrey Hudson nor Hugh Robinson who both read it and corrected a multitude of errors. It reflects my own lack of attention to detail which I am now too old to curb.
I should also like to thank my long serving and long suffering secretary, Mrs Sheelagh Pigou, who produced multiple drafts with only the most occasional complaint, and Heather Holden-Brown, daughter of a distinguished Coastal Forces commander, who helped me through the publishing jungle but refused to take a fee for it.
Now I have written a book I realize how many unsung heroes there are behind every publication, though I suspect that in my case I owe more to the help of others than is normal.
Prologue
Why has this book been written more than sixty years after the events narrated? It is the story of a very unusual reserve officer in the Royal Navy who, between joining Coastal Forces to command his first boat in December 1940 and being killed in action in April 1943, came to dominate the evolution of motor gunboats into an effective fighting force, thus making a significant contribution to maintaining control of the Channel and the North Sea.
Its importance lies in recalling how, after the fall of France in June 1940, Britain had to struggle to maintain control of her coastal waters due to her failure to plan for fighting an enemy close enough to home to threaten her ability to move merchant shipping around our coasts. The German Navy had prepared for that moment by developing weapons suitable for that purpose, principally magnetic mines and the Schnellboote or German fast patrol boat, known to the British as the E-boat.
The Navy, beset on all sides, finding itself fighting Germany and Italy, and by December 1941 Japan as well, stretched to breaking point to convoy supplies of food and war material across the Atlantic, had serious problems in providing enough warships to transport vital supplies of coal and other essential materials down the east coast from Scotland and the Tyne to London and through the Channel. It had never planned that it would need to do so other than through defending itself against U-boats that had wreaked so much havoc towards the end of the First World War. The Navy had planned for the threat of the mining of its coastal waterways by German aircraft and U-boats, but had made no plans for fighting a swarm of E-boats, based in the Dutch, Belgian and French ports only a few hours away from the British coastal routes which they could mine and where they could attack convoys with torpedoes.
To meet this threat the Royal Navy commissioned a handful of small, lightly armed motor gunboats, designed originally as MTBs for the French, Dutch and other navies, but requisitioned and quickly converted to fight E-boats. It then built new MGBs from designs which currently existed, fast enough to find and fight the E-boat, yet small and cheap enough to be risked close to enemy air bases from which German aircraft could sink any warship found in daylight hours in the Narrow Seas. From its entirely inadequate force of destroyers, ships could only be earmarked for the protection of coastal convoys in small numbers, and they were thus an imperfect defence against E-boats, fighting always in darkness and moving so swiftly that they presented the most difficult of targets for a destroyers guns in the days before radar controlled gunnery.