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José Hernández - The gaucho Martín Fierro

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title The Gaucho Martn Fierro UNESCO Collection of Representative Works - photo 1

title:The Gaucho Martn Fierro UNESCO Collection of Representative Works: Latin-American Series
author:Hernandez, Jose.; Carrino, Frank Gaetano; Carlos, Alberto J.; Mangouni, Norman
publisher:State University of New York Press
isbn10 | asin:0873952847
print isbn13:9780873952842
ebook isbn13:9780585091747
language:English
subjectGauchos--Poetry.
publication date:1974
lcc:PQ7797.H3M32 1974eb
ddc:861
subject:Gauchos--Poetry.
The Gaucho Martn Fierro
Page ii
Jos Hernndez Page iii The Gaucho Martn Fierro BY JOS - photo 2
Jos Hernndez
Page iii
The Gaucho Martn Fierro
BY JOS HERNNDEZ
English Translation by
FRANK G. CARRINO
ALBERTO J. CARLOS
NORMAN MANGOUNI
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK PRESS
Page iv
UNESCO COLLECTION OF REPRESENTATIVE WORKS LATIN-AMERICAN SERIES
This book has been accepted in the series of translations of Latin-American literature sponsored by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Originally published as El gaucho Martn Fierro in 1872
This translation published in 1974 by State University of New York Press 99 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12210
First Edition
Translation 1974 by the translators
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Hernndez, Jos, 1834-1886.
The gaucho Martn Fierro.
(UNESCO collection of representative works: Latin-American series)
Translation of El gaucho Martn Fierro.
Bibliography: p.
1. GauchosPoetry. I. Carrino, Frank Gaetano, 1922- tr.
II. Carlos, Alberto J., 1928- tr.
III. Mangouni, Norman, 1932- tr.
IV. Title. V. Series.
PQ7797.H3M32Picture 31974Picture 4861Picture 574-17300
ISBN 0-87395-284-7
Page v
Contents
Introduction
1
The Gaucho Martn Fierro
11
Notes
93
Selected Bibliography
98
Page 1
Introduction
El gaucho Martn Fierro is a poem of protest drawn from the life of the gaucho, who was forced to yield his freedom and individuality to the social and material changes that invaded his beloved pampasa protest which arose from years of abuse and neglect suffered from landowners, militarists, and the Argentine political establishment.
This poem, composed and first published more than a century ago, could have been written today by spokesmen for other oppressed groups in other parts of the world. For this reason, perhaps, the poem has such universal appeal that it has been translated into nineteen languages, making it available to more than half of the world's people. But what makes Eigaucho Martn Fierro unique in protest literature is its realistic, spontaneous, and evocative portrayal of the gaucho's plight. The poet Jos Hernndez Pueyrredn spent half his life alongside the gauchosin the pampas, on the frontier, and in the regular army brigades that took part in Argentina's civil wars during the mid-1800s. He saw the gaucho's land and livestock expropriated by the more favored classes and the gaucho pressed into military service to defend ideas not his own. He observed the effect of the ruling that the gaucho was presumed a vagrant if he lacked possessions, a permanent home, or proper employment documentationcharacteristics typical of gaucho life. The tensions and sense of outrage that built up in Hernndez through these experiences with the gauchos, together with his own self-imposed exile and the continued political ferment of the period, were released in his 2,316-1ine poem, Martn Fierro, which reached the reading public on 16 January 1873 (despite the 1872 publication date appearing on the first edition). On the following day La Prensa of Buenos Aires recorded the event as follows:
Page 2
Picture 6Picture 7
Yesterday a book began circulating, written in gaucho-style verse by Jos Hernndez, former publisher of El Ro de la Plata, and former government official of Corrientes Province. This book is entitled Martn Fierro. It is not a simple story adorned in literary forms; it is the palpitating story of those who up to a short time ago inhabited the countryside, pursued daily by invading Indians and recruiters of army troops.1
With the notable exception of the newspaper La Nacin of Buenos Aires, founded by one of Hernndez's political adversaries, General Bartolom Mitre, president of Argentina from 1862-68, most of the significant periodicals of Buenos Aires and vicinity heralded the appearance of El gaucho Martn Fierro as noteworthy and extraordinary. La Pampa of Buenos Aires, for instance, even attempted to point up the superiority of this gaucho poem over previous ones: "I can assure you, without fear of falling into error, that Martn Fierro gallantly sustains comparison with any of the productions of Aniceto el Gallo,
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