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William Tremblay - The June rise: the apocryphal letters of Joseph Antoine Janis

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Sweeping from the austere beauty of the Rocky Mountains to the high plains, The June Rise brings to life the true story of Joseph Antoine Janiss visionary transformation from a Missouri farmboy to an advisor to Lakota chief, Red Cloud. Author William Tremblay creates a riveting collection of imagined letters by Janis that chronicle this pioneers apprenticeship to his father in the beaver trade and his marriage with First Elk Woman, an Oglala holy woman, all the while capturing the spirit of the land in poetic descriptions, even as it becomes a killing ground during the Indian wars of the nineteenth century. The story turns to tragedy when his mixed-race sons, Pete and Willie, are murdered by the mixed-race sons of Janiss nemesis, John Reeshaw. After the battle of Little Big Horn, the U.S. government issued Janis an ultimatum: divorce First Elk Woman and keep his homestead in Colorado, or relinquish his land and share her fate in the Badlands of Pine Ridge Reservation. The compelling forces that shape his decision form a classic story of the American frontier. This novel is, above all, a love story of the first order.

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The June Rise
The Apocryphal Letters of Joseph Antoine Janis
William Tremblay
Utah State University Press
Logan, Utah
Copyright 1994 by William Tremblay
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Tremblay, William, 1940
The June rise: the apocryphal letters of Joseph Antoine Janis / by William Tremblay.
p. cm.
ISBN 0-87421-176-X
1. Janis, Joseph Antoine, b. 1824Fiction. 2. Indians of North AmericaGovernment RelationsFiction. 3. Indians of North AmericaGreat PlainsWarsFiction. 4. French AmericansColoradoFiction. 5. TrappersColoradoFiction. I. Janis,Joseph Antoine, b. 1824. II. Title.
PS3570.R386J86 1994
813'.54dc20Picture 2Picture 3Picture 494-16723
Picture 5Picture 6Picture 7Picture 8CIP
Cover photograph of Antoine Janis and Oglala men, 1877. Photograph courtesy of Fort Collins Public Library, Fort Collins, Colorado.
Book and cover design by Richard A. Firmage
Utah State University Press
Logan, Utah 84322-7800
Page v
Preface
It began one morning as I was walking around Warren Lake near my home in Fort Collins, Colorado. When I got to the WPA spillway on the eastern shore, I sat down, staring at a length of rope coiled like a chromosome chain deep in the ice. I found myself back in my childhood Massachusetts at the kitchen table where my parents were squaring off en franais, their language for secrets.
A landlocked seagull shrieked. I looked up, and outwith a tremor like those just before sleepwest to the Arapaho Range where huge sheets of snow were slowly swirling off Horsetooth Ridge. I was surrounded by the immense distances of the Colorado high plains and the foothills of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. Silver clouds floated above bare cottonwoods, taking the eye west in steps, risingStorm Mountain, Mummy Mountain, and beyond that a Wedgewood sky. Winds I had ignored were sighing, as if to seduce me. I had been living in a beautiful place for many years, and it hadn't sunk in until that moment.
A desire began to grow in me to pay whatever different attentions of scale this place asked. It was then that I remembered the French trapper Antoine Janis. I had known about him for years; it was as though he had been standing quietly in a corner waiting for me to turn to him. Learning about his life might prove a guide through which I could learn
Page vi
more about the Rocky Mountain West. To retrieve not only his life but a way of life much closer to those of the beginnings of this country's historyto repossess a set of wilderness skills involving not only observation but observancewould mean to reclaim a small portion of an almost forgotten immigrant experience in North America.
The log cabin Janis originally built in 1859 at Laporte, Colorado, has been reassembled behind the Fort Collins Pioneer Museum by the Daughters of the American Revolution. I remembered a curator telling me that Janis had been the first white man to receive a legal deed, as provided by the Homestead Act, for 160 acres in Larimer County.
What the sketchy and sometimes contradictory historical sources record is that Joseph Antoine Janis was born in 1824 in St. Charles, Missouri, and was educated in parochial schools there. Sometime around 1840 his father took him down the Santa Fe Trail and taught him the ways of a mountain man. After his wilderness apprenticeship was completed, his father presented him to the Arapaho, Cheyenne, and Oglala at their tribal council grounds in what is now Laportethe very land Janis homesteaded.
Antoine Janis acquired the skills and knowledge of a fur trapper, a packmule trader, a horse rancher, a guide, a scout, and an interpreter for the United States Army. He married an Indian woman and homesteaded land. However, in the 1870s the federal government issued him an ultimatum: either divorce his Lakota wife, First Elk Woman, and keep the land, or stay married to her and share her fate at Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. He chose to remain with her.
I read The History of Larimer County by Ansel Watrous and found a letter reproduced in it from Antoine Janis dated March 17, 1883, and posted at Pine Ridge Agency. Watrous apparently had written Janis requesting information about early settlement
Page vii
in the Cache La Poudre River Valley. Janis responded with but brief reference to his having founded Laporte along with his brother Nicholas and a dozen others. He closed the letter by saying: "It would consume a great deal of time to give to you in full detail, and my health has been such this winter that I dare not undertake the task."
What would Antoine Janis have written, I wondered, if his health had disposed him to answer Watrous's inquiries in all the particulars?
Page viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Grateful acknowledgement is due (and happily given) to the following individuals and institutions: Sandra Lowry, Librarian, Fort Laramie National Historic Site; Sharron G. Uhler, Museum Archivist, Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum; Karen McWilliams, formerly Local History Archivist at the Fort Collins Public Library; the Fort Collins Pioneer Museum; the staff of the Denver Public Library; Denis Ledoux; Lilianne Labb; and Lucie Therrien. Thanks also go to the Corporation of Yaddo and the College of Liberal Arts, Colorado State University, for grants of precious time and financial assistance.
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