Almost all biographers stand on the shoulders of their predecessors, and the biographers of Joyce and the Joyce family I have benefited from reading are Richard Ellmann, Herbert Gorman, Peter Costello, John McCourt, Brenda Maddox, Carol Loeb Shloss and Edna OBrien. I also owe a debt to the many friends and acquaintances of Joyce who left behind reminiscences of him, as well as the scholars whose work has informed the writing of this book.
Along the way, I have also received help from Dr Thomas Staley (Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin) and Professor Robert Spoo (University of Tulsa), who kindly read the manuscript and offered advice and encouragement. Dione Venables, Michael Beasley and Anna Pollard also read the book in earlier drafts and made valuable suggestions. Others who were helpful at various stages were Cecily Mackworth, Desmond Hawkins, Jan Gabrial Lowry, Gordon and Sheila Robinson, Brian and Doris Southam, Sue Huitt, Phyllis Corr and Peter Mulligan.
In getting this project started and finished, I owe special thanks to Anthony Goff, my agent, his colleagues Georgia Glover, Marigold Atkey and Nann du Sautoy, to Alan Samson, my publisher, who commissioned the book and offered unfailing support throughout its long gestation, to Bea Hemming, my patient editor, and to Jane Birkett and Dr Anthony Hippisley for meticulously correcting the proofs.
In researching this book I am in debt to the following: Ciara McDonnell and Tom Desmond of the National Library of Ireland, Gill Furlong at the University College (London) Library Manuscripts Collection, Helen Monaghan and the staff of the James Joyce Centre, Dublin, Lori Curtis and Melissa Burkhardt of the University of Tulsa, Dr Fritz Senn of the James Joyce Foundation, Zurich, Professor Dr Christoph Eggenberger, Director of the Zentralbibliothek, Zrich, Sigrid Krause of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Edda Tasiemka of the Tasiemka Newspaper Cuttinglibrary, London, Sarah Brown of the Brotherton Library, Leeds, and staff at the British Library, the London Library, the National Archives, Kew, the BBC Written Archives, Princeton University Library, Trinity College Library, Dublin, the Joyce Centre, Trieste, the Bibliotheque Jacques Ducet, Paris, the Irish Registry Office, the UK General Register Office, Cambridge University Law Library, Reading University Library, Bognor Regis Local History Library, Worthing Local History Library, Torquay Public Library, Kensington & Chelsea Local History Library, the Library of St Marys College, Strawberry Hill, Cornell University Library, the University of Wisconsin Library, The Huntington Library, the Harry Ransom Center, Austin, Texas, Marquette University Library, the Library of Congress, Washington, Glasgow University Library, Sussex University Library, Moira Fitzgerald at the Beinecke Library, Yale University, Pamela Hackbart of the Morris Library, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Andreas Weigel, Dr Michael Basinki and Dr James Maynard at the Poetry Collection, New York University at Buffalo, and the following helpful and informative individuals: Ronan Kelly, Caitriona Cullen, Dr Paul Vanderham, Madame Fourny of Pornichet, and the Mayor of Saint-Grand -de- Puy.
Finally, I would like to thank my editors, Jonathan Galassi and Miranda Popkey of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, and my agent, Phyllis Westberg of Harold Ober Associates, for their help and enthusiasm in bringing the book out in the United States.