Mr. Gene Howard - Death at Cross Plains: An Alabama Reconstruction Tragedy
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Death at Cross Plains: An Alabama Reconstruction Tragedy
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Death At Cross Plains : An Alabama Reconstruction Tragedy
author
:
Howard, Gene L.
publisher
:
University of Alabama Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0817307494
print isbn13
:
9780817307493
ebook isbn13
:
9780585295725
language
:
English
subject
Reconstruction--Alabama--Cross Plains, Cross Plains (Ala.)--Race relations, Lynching--Alabama--Cross Plains--History--19th century, Luke, William C.,--d. 1870, Missionaries--Alabama--Cross Plains--Biography, Civil rights workers--Alabama--Cross Plains--Bi
publication date
:
1994
lcc
:
F334.C68H68 1994eb
ddc
:
364.1/523/0976163
subject
:
Reconstruction--Alabama--Cross Plains, Cross Plains (Ala.)--Race relations, Lynching--Alabama--Cross Plains--History--19th century, Luke, William C.,--d. 1870, Missionaries--Alabama--Cross Plains--Biography, Civil rights workers--Alabama--Cross Plains--Bi
Page iii
Death at Cross Plains
An Alabama Reconstruction Tragedy
Gene L. Howard
With a Foreword by Gary B. Mills
Page iv
Copyright 1984 The University of Alabama Press Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0380 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Howard, Gene L., 1940 Death at Cross Plains.
Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. ReconstructionAlabamaCross Plains. 2. Cross Plains (Ala.)Race relations. 3. LynchingAlabama Cross PlainsHistory19th century. 4. Luke, William C., d. 1870. 5. MissionariesAlabamaCross PlainsBiography. 6. Civil rights workersAlabama Cross PlainsBiography. 7. Cross Plains (Ala.) Biography. I. Title. F334.C68H68 1984 364.1'523'0976163 83-5839
ISBN 0-8173-0749-4
First Paperback Edition 1994
1 2 3 4 / 99 98 97 96 95 94
Page v
TO: William J. Calvert; a gentleman and a friend.
Page vii
Contents
Acknowledgments
ix
Foreword
xi
I. Cross Plains in 1870
1
II. The Morning After
7
III. William Luke's Introduction to Alabama
18
IV. William Luke As Minister
26
V. Ku Klux Klan Terrorism
34
VI. A New Start for William Luke
41
VII. Community Antagonism to William Luke
50
VIII. Violence Erupts in Cross Plains
61
IX. The Trial and Klan Justice
75
X. Aftermath of the Tragedy
93
XI. Justice Denied
111
Epilogue
120
Notes
125
Bibliographical Note
141
Index
147
Page ix
Acknowledgments
My experience with the Cross Plains story began in late 1978, when Lane Weatherbee, editor of the Piedmont Independent-Journal, shared several articles with me about a mass hanging that was part of the city's history. He obtained much of his information from county historian Jack Boozer, and serialized an account of the tragedy for his readers.
The articles intrigued me as I recognized several universal themes in the story of old Cross Plains. I became curious about William Luke and why he became the center of controversy so far removed from his native Canada, and why Patona never experienced the industrial growth that would have made the town a thriving metropolis. The answer to these questions is this work, essentially an interpretive synthesis of several years of historical research.
I am grateful to Dr. Grace Gates, author and historian, whose editorial advice contributed to the success of the study.
As we remember again what others seem so willing to forget, the justification for our recollectionsif we need onecan be framed by a line from William Faulkner's novel, Intruder in the Dust: "The past is never dead. It is not even past."
GENE HOWARD
Page xi
Foreword
The political, social, and economic turmoil that gripped the South after the Civil War created an atmosphere conducive to violence amid a people already fiercely proud and exceedingly passionate. The federal Reconstruction of the defeated Confederacy closed to southerners those avenues of protest against injustice that are customary in civilized society, forcing them to seek both defense and vengeance by more surreptitious means, against whatever targets might be accessible. The subjected southerners could do nothing to reach the roots of the very real problems caused by a lost war and a ruined economy, but they couldand didstrike at the people who contributed to their plight; and amid their frustration, it seldom mattered whether their victims were actually guilty or merely symbolic.
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