EDWARD GIBBON
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Abridged Edition
Edited and abridged by
David Womersley
PENGUIN BOOKS
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Volumes 16 of the full edition first published 1776, 1781 and 1788
This abridged edition published 2000
Reprinted with revised Selected Further Reading 2005
Editorial matter copyright David Womersley, 2000, 2005
All rights reserved
The moral right of the editor has been asserted
ISBN: 978-0-141-90658-4
Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in the references given in the Introduction:
A | J. Murray (ed.), The Autobiographies of Edward Gibbon (1896) |
ADF | The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, abridged edition (references are to the pages of the present edition) |
DF | The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, ed. David Womersley, 3 vols (Harmondsworth, 1994) |
Journal | D. M. Low (ed.), Gibbons Journal to January 28th. 1763 (London, 1929) |
L | J. E. Norton (ed.), The Letters of Edward Gibbon, 3 vols (London, 1956) |
MW | Lord Sheffield (ed.), The Miscellaneous Works of Edward Gibbon, Eyes,, 5 vols (1814) |
Norton | J. E. Norton, A Bibliography of the Works of Edward Gibbon (Oxford, 1940; repr. 1970) |
Prothero | R. E. Prothero (ed.), The Private Letters of Edward Gibbon, 2 vols (1896) |
Chronology
1707 | Gibbons father born. |
1734 | Gibbons father becomes MP for Petersfield. |
1736 | Gibbons grandfather dies. |
1737 | Edward Gibbon the historian born on 27 April O S. |
1747 | Gibbons mother dies on 26 December. |
1748 | Gibbon enters Westminster School. |
1750 | Nervous illness; residence in Bath. |
1752 | Enters Magdalen College, Oxford, as Gentleman Commoner. |
1753 | Converts to Roman Catholicism on 8 June. |
Arrives in Lausanne on 30 June at the house of Daniel Pavilliard. |
1754 | Re-converts to Protestantism on 25 December. |
1755 | Gibbons father remarries on 8 May. |
Tour of Switzerland in the company of Pavilliard. |
1757 | Meets Suzanne Curchod. |
1758 | Returns to England, arriving in London on 5 May. |
1759 | Receives commission as captain in the Hampshire Militia. |
1761 | Publishes the Essai sur ltude de la littrature. |
1762 | Hampshire Militia disembodied. |
1763 | Begins Grand Tour, arriving in Paris on 28 January 1763. |
Arrives in Lausanne in May. |
Meets John Baker Holroyd, later Lord Sheffield. |
1764 | Leaves Lausanne in April. |
Arrives in Rome on 2 October. |
Inspired on 15 October to write on the decline and fall of Rome. |
1765 | Returns to England in June. |
17689 | Publishes, in conjunction with Georges Deyverdun, the Mmoires littraires de la Grande Bretagne. |
1770 | Publishes anonymously the Critical Observations on the Sixth Book of Vergils Aeneid. |
Gibbons father dies on 12 November. |
1772 | Gibbon takes up residence in Cavendish Square, London. |
1774 | Enters the House of Commons as MP for Liskeard. |
1776 | Volume one of The Decline and Fall published on 17 February. |
1777 | Spends six months in Paris. |
1779 | Publishes his reply to his clerical assailants, A Vindication. |
Publishes the Mmoire justificatif. |
Appointed to the Board of Trade and Plantations in July. |
1780 | Loses his seat in Parliament. |
1781 | Volumes two and three of The Decline and Fall published on I March. |
Re-enters the House of Commons as MP for Lymington in June. |
1783 | Takes up permanent residence in Lausanne. |
1787 | Composition of The Decline and Fall completed on 27 June. |
1788 | Volumes four, five and six of The Decline and Fall published on 8 May. |
Begins composing the Memoirs of My Life: six drafts completed by 1793. |
1789 | Georges Deyverdun dies in July. |
1791 | Visit of Lord Sheffield and his family to Lausanne. |
1793 | Death of Lady Sheffield in April. |
1794 | Gibbon dies of post-operative infection on 16 January. |
1796 | Sheffield publishes the first edition of Gibbons Miscellaneous Works, including his edition of Gibbons Memoirs of My Life. |
Introduction
At the end of his life, Gibbon gratefully acknowledged that The Decline and Fall had given him a name, a rank, a character, in the world, to which [he] should not otherwise have been entitled (A, p. 346). But at the outset of his literary career, those priorities were necessarily reversed: the book received its character from its author. How did the circumstances of Gibbons upbringing and early manhood influence his historical vision?
Gibbons Early Life and Upbringing
Gibbons great-grandfather had been a linendraper, and his grandfather, the first Edward Gibbon, was a successful man of business. Happily his opinions were subordinate to his interest and accordingly, notwithstanding his Jacobite inclinations, as an army contractor the Continental campaigns of William III had made him a wealthy man (