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Edward Gibbon - The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Penguin Classics)

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Edward Gibbon The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Penguin Classics)

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Edward Gibbons six-volume History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776-88) is among the most magnificent and ambitious narratives in European literature. Its subject is the fate of one of the worlds greatest civilizations over thirteen centuries - its rulers, wars and society, and the events that led to its disastrous collapse. Here, in volumes three and four, Gibbon vividly recounts the waves of barbarian invaders under commanders such as Alaric and Attila, who overran and eventually destroyed the West. He then turns his gaze to events in the East, where even the achievements of the Byzantine emperor Justinian and the campaigns of the brilliant military leader Belisarius could not conceal the fundamental weaknesses of their empire.For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.

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EDWARD GIBBON The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Abridged - photo 1

EDWARD GIBBON The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Abridged - photo 2

EDWARD GIBBON
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

Abridged Edition

Edited and abridged by
David Womersley

PENGUIN BOOKS

PENGUIN BOOKS

Published by the Penguin Group
Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL , England
Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA
Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia
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Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL , England

www.penguin.com

Volumes 16 of the full edition first published 1776, 1781 and 1788
This abridged edition published 2000
Reprinted with revised Selected Further Reading 2005

Editorial matter copyright David Womersley, 2000, 2005
All rights reserved

The moral right of the editor has been asserted

ISBN: 978-0-141-90658-4

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in the references given in the Introduction:

A

J. Murray (ed.), The Autobiographies of Edward Gibbon (1896)

ADF

The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, abridged edition (references are to the pages of the present edition)

DF

The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, ed. David Womersley, 3 vols (Harmondsworth, 1994)

Journal

D. M. Low (ed.), Gibbons Journal to January 28th. 1763 (London, 1929)

L

J. E. Norton (ed.), The Letters of Edward Gibbon, 3 vols (London, 1956)

MW

Lord Sheffield (ed.), The Miscellaneous Works of Edward Gibbon, Eyes,, 5 vols (1814)

Norton

J. E. Norton, A Bibliography of the Works of Edward Gibbon (Oxford, 1940; repr. 1970)

Prothero

R. E. Prothero (ed.), The Private Letters of Edward Gibbon, 2 vols (1896)

Chronology

1707

Gibbons father born.

1734

Gibbons father becomes MP for Petersfield.

1736

Gibbons grandfather dies.

1737

Edward Gibbon the historian born on 27 April O S.

1747

Gibbons mother dies on 26 December.

1748

Gibbon enters Westminster School.

1750

Nervous illness; residence in Bath.

1752

Enters Magdalen College, Oxford, as Gentleman Commoner.

1753

Converts to Roman Catholicism on 8 June.

Arrives in Lausanne on 30 June at the house of Daniel Pavilliard.

1754

Re-converts to Protestantism on 25 December.

1755

Gibbons father remarries on 8 May.

Tour of Switzerland in the company of Pavilliard.

1757

Meets Suzanne Curchod.

1758

Returns to England, arriving in London on 5 May.

1759

Receives commission as captain in the Hampshire Militia.

1761

Publishes the Essai sur ltude de la littrature.

1762

Hampshire Militia disembodied.

1763

Begins Grand Tour, arriving in Paris on 28 January 1763.

Arrives in Lausanne in May.

Meets John Baker Holroyd, later Lord Sheffield.

1764

Leaves Lausanne in April.

Arrives in Rome on 2 October.

Inspired on 15 October to write on the decline and fall of Rome.

1765

Returns to England in June.

17689

Publishes, in conjunction with Georges Deyverdun, the Mmoires littraires de la Grande Bretagne.

1770

Publishes anonymously the Critical Observations on the Sixth Book of Vergils Aeneid.

Gibbons father dies on 12 November.

1772

Gibbon takes up residence in Cavendish Square, London.

1774

Enters the House of Commons as MP for Liskeard.

1776

Volume one of The Decline and Fall published on 17 February.

1777

Spends six months in Paris.

1779

Publishes his reply to his clerical assailants, A Vindication.

Publishes the Mmoire justificatif.

Appointed to the Board of Trade and Plantations in July.

1780

Loses his seat in Parliament.

1781

Volumes two and three of The Decline and Fall published on I March.

Re-enters the House of Commons as MP for Lymington in June.

1783

Takes up permanent residence in Lausanne.

1787

Composition of The Decline and Fall completed on 27 June.

1788

Volumes four, five and six of The Decline and Fall published on 8 May.

Begins composing the Memoirs of My Life: six drafts completed by 1793.

1789

Georges Deyverdun dies in July.

1791

Visit of Lord Sheffield and his family to Lausanne.

1793

Death of Lady Sheffield in April.

1794

Gibbon dies of post-operative infection on 16 January.

1796

Sheffield publishes the first edition of Gibbons Miscellaneous Works, including his edition of Gibbons Memoirs of My Life.

Introduction

At the end of his life, Gibbon gratefully acknowledged that The Decline and Fall had given him a name, a rank, a character, in the world, to which [he] should not otherwise have been entitled (A, p. 346). But at the outset of his literary career, those priorities were necessarily reversed: the book received its character from its author. How did the circumstances of Gibbons upbringing and early manhood influence his historical vision?

Gibbons Early Life and Upbringing

Gibbons great-grandfather had been a linendraper, and his grandfather, the first Edward Gibbon, was a successful man of business. Happily his opinions were subordinate to his interest and accordingly, notwithstanding his Jacobite inclinations, as an army contractor the Continental campaigns of William III had made him a wealthy man (

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