THE WIVES OF
GEORGE IV
For Kathy, I present the Real Housewives of Carlton House.
THE WIVES OF
GEORGE IV
THE SECRET BRIDE AND THE SCORNED PRINCESS
CATHERINE CURZON
First published in Great Britain in 2021 by
PEN AND SWORD HISTORY
An imprint of
Pen & Sword Books Ltd
Yorkshire Philadelphia
Copyright Catherine Curzon, 2021
ISBN 978 1 47389 749 6
eISBN 978 1 47389 751 9
Mobi ISBN 978 1 47389 751 9
The right of Catherine Curzon to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing.
Pen & Sword Books Limited incorporates the imprints of Atlas, Archaeology, Aviation, Discovery, Family History, Fiction, History, Maritime, Military, Military Classics, Politics, Select, Transport, True Crime, Air World, Frontline Publishing, Leo Cooper, Remember When, Seaforth Publishing, The Praetorian Press, Wharncliffe Local History, Wharncliffe Transport, Wharncliffe True Crime and White Owl.
For a complete list of Pen & Sword titles please contact
PEN & SWORD BOOKS LIMITED
47 Church Street, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, S70 2AS, England
E-mail:
Website: www.pen-and-sword.co.uk
Or
PEN AND SWORD BOOKS
1950 Lawrence Rd, Havertown, PA 19083, USA
E-mail:
Website: www.penandswordbooks.com
Acknowledgements
A massive merci to everyone at Pen & Sword, especially Jon and Laura, and of course my fierce and fabulous editor, Lucy!
In times as strange as these we all need a bit of glorious Georgian glamour, so to everyone who likes to dip their toes into the long eighteenth, I say rococo n roll . Adrian for making BMW into something very special indeed and Rob, Kathy, and Debra, for lists, laughter and loveliness, I send you the biggest of hugs. And Helen, HOW is it 1.00 am?
Pippa, Nelly, and the Rakish Colonial keep on rocking!
The Royal Family
The fifty-seven year marriage of George III and Queen Charlotte was by far the most fruitful of any of the kings of Georgian Britain. From the birth of George IV in 1762, to that of Princess Amelia in 1783, Queen Charlotte was either carrying a child or recovering from a birth for more than twenty years. The royal children and their spouses are listed below.
George IV
Maria Fitzherbert (m.1785)
Princess Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbttel (m.1795)
Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
Princess Frederica of Prussia (m.1791)
William IV
Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (m.1818)
Charlotte, Princess Royal
King Frederick I of Wrttemberg (m.1797)
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (m.1818)
Princess Augusta Sophia
Princess Elizabeth
Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (m.1818)
Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover
Princess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (m.1815)
Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
Lady Augusta Murray (m.1793)
Lady Cecilia Underwood (m.1831)
Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel (m.1818)
Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (m.1816)
Princess Sophia
Prince Octavius
Prince Alfred
Princess Amelia
Introduction
I have this morning seen the Prince of Wales, who has acquainted me with his having broken off all connection with Mrs Fitzherbert, and his desire to entering into a more creditable line by marrying; expressing at the same time that my niece, the Princess of Brunswick, may be the person. Undoubtedly she is the person who naturally must be most agreeable to me. I expressed my approbation of the idea, provided his plan was to lead a life that would make him appear respectable, and consequently render the Princess happy. He assured me that he perfectly coincided with me in opinion.
When King George III wrote to William Pitt on 24 August 1794, his words belied years of scandal, family feuding and anguish. Dealing with the entangled affairs of his eldest son never made for an easy life.
Throughout the centuries, lots of women have married princes. It is supposed to be the stuff that fairy tales are made of; a confection of dashing grooms and swooning brides and true love that conquers all. Needless to say, the reality was somewhat different. Marrying into royalty was always a delicate business, and business was often the operative word.
In the last years of the eighteenth century, no bachelor was more eligible than George, Prince of Wales. As the eldest son of King George III and Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the young prince was the heir to one of the most powerful thrones in the world. He was as dashing as he was pretty, and he was eminently well-connected. The heir to the throne was also deep in debt, at constant odds with his parents, and dogged by a string of messy and very public break-ups. By the time the Prince of Wales finally stumbled drunkenly to the altar to wed his cousin, Caroline of Brunswick, he was nursing a badly kept secret: his other wife.
This is a book about two women who never met, but who had one very big thing in common. Maria Fitzherbert and Caroline of Brunswick were the wives of the infamous Prinny, King George IV. One of them loved him, one did not. One bore him a child, the other did not. One union was legal, one was anything but. Between them, the two marriages spanned decades, and provided acres of newsprints and oceans of gossip. This is the story of the two wives of George IV.
.
Act One
Maria Fitzherbert (26 July 1756 27 March 1837)
Mrs Fitzherbert lived for several years with great openness, as the wife of the Prince of Wales, and in the enjoyment of the entire respect of society. [] The case is a very peculiar one, from its standing in so dubious a position both with respect to law and morality.
A Catholic Girl
When Mary Anne Smythe was born in 1756, it was into a Georgian world. The Hanoverian kings had been on the throne for more than forty years thanks to the Act of Succession, which guaranteed them the British crown and knocked out more than fifty Roman Catholic candidates who stood in line ahead of them. The Glorious Revolution ended the reign of James II in 1688 and ushered in a new era for the British monarchy, one in which no Roman Catholic could ever reign. Twenty-six years later, the Protestant King George I arrived with his German entourage and assumed his place on the throne.
Life for a Catholic in eighteenth century England was not easy. Catholics were forbidden from holding Crown offices or from sitting in the House of Commons or the House of Lords. They could not serve as officers in the forces or even be employed as schoolteachers and should they marry in a Catholic ceremony, that marriage was not recognised as legal. The Marriage Act of 1753 ruled that all weddings other than those of Quakers and Jews must be held in a Protestant church, and heavy penalties awaited those who disobeyed. It was in this world that the little girl who would become known as Mrs Fitzherbert grew up, and she was born a Catholic.