THE
LOST QUEEN
For Katherine and Emilie
THE
LOST QUEEN
The Life & Tragedy of the Prince Regents Daughter
ANNE STOTT
First published in Great Britain in 2020 by
PEN AND SWORD HISTORY
An imprint of
Pen & Sword Books Ltd
Yorkshire Philadelphia
Copyright Anne Stott, 2020
ISBN 978 1 52673 643 7
eISBN 978 1 52673 644 4
Mobi ISBN 978 1 52673 645 1
The right of Anne Stott to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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A young woman, if she falls into bad hands may be teased, and kept at a distance from those she wants to be with.
Jane Austen, Emma (1815)
Of sackcloth was thy wedding garment made;
Thy bridals fruit is ashes: in the dust
The fair-haird Daughter of the Isles is laid,
The love of millions!
Byron, Childe Harolds Pilgrimage , Canto IV (1818)
What a dreadfully sad life my poor Cousins & Aunts was & only 18 or 19 months of real happiness.
Queen Victoria (1873)
Acknowledgements
In writing this book, I have encountered many institutions and individuals, to whom I offer my grateful appreciation. I would like to thank the following: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II for permission to quote from the Royal Archives and to reproduce the relevant pictures; Julie Crocker and all the friendly staff at the Royal Archives; His Majesty the King of the Belgians for permission to quote from the Archives of the Royal Palace, Brussels (a depository that has been too little used by British scholars) and to reproduce the Lawrence portrait of Princess Charlotte; the British Library; Durham University Library Archives and Special Collections, and, in particular, Mike Harkness, the Senior Search Room Assistant; Hampshire Archives and Local Studies; UCL Library Services; Jonathan Wright, Laura Hirst and Linne Matthews at Pen & Sword, who have always responded so quickly and usefully to my queries.
Grateful thanks are also due to the following individuals: Baudoin Dhoore, Archivist of Royal Palace, Brussels; Olivier Defrance, biographer of King Leopold I; Professor Gita Deneckere of the University of Ghent, who kindly sent me the English translation of the relevant chapter in her biography of Leopold; the Marquess of Lansdowne; the Viscount Mersey; Diana Scarisbrick; Professor Arthur Burns and all those working on the Georgian Papers Programme, especially Dr Carolyn Day; Professor Elaine Chalus, Catherine Curzon, Dr Christopher Guyver; Dr Jacqueline Reiter and all the other friends who have helped with my enquiries either face-to-face or on social media; Dr Jarl Kremeier, tour guide extraordinaire , who opened up the German context of the Hanoverian politics; Adrian Whittaker, ace photographer; Dr Evelyn Jain, my most long-standing friend and expert on all aspects of childbirth.
I have a set of obligations that I never anticipated when I set out. After finishing my biography of Hannah More, a prolific writer who lived to her late eighties, I joked that my next subject would have to be someone who died tragically young. I forgot to specify that they should also write legibly. Princess Charlottes handwriting would probably have defeated me, but for the painstaking transcriptions of the late Professor Arthur Aspinall, the Victorian writer Lady Rose Weigall, and the transcriber at the Royal Palace, Brussels who deciphered Charlottes letters to Leopold, which are not only difficult to read, but were written in ungrammatical French. Having checked all their transcripts against the originals, I am left in awe at their deciphering skills.
I will only add the usual disclaimer that any mistakes in the book are entirely my own. I hope they are few and that I have done full justice to a princess whose tragedy is too little known in the country she seemed destined to rule.
List of Personages
Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales (17961817)
George, Prince of Wales, later Prince Regent (17621830), Charlottes father
Princess Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbttel (17681821), Charlottes mother
Charlottes grandparents
George III, King of Great Britain (17381820)
Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (17441818)
Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbttel (17361806)
Augusta, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbttel (17371813)
Charlottes uncles
Frederick, Duke of York (17631827)
William Duke of Clarence, later William IV (17651837)
Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent (17671820)
Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, later King of Hanover (17711851)
Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex (17731843)
Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Cambridge (17741850)
Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbttel (17711815)
Charlottes aunts
Charlotte, Princess Royal, Duchess, later Queen of Wrttemberg (17661828)
Princess Augusta (17681840)
Princess Elizabeth, later Hereditary Princess of Hesse-Homburg (17701840)
Princess Mary, later Duchess of Gloucester (17761857)
Princess Sophia (17771848)
Princess Amelia (17831810)
Other relatives
Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia, Duchess of York (17671820)
Prince William, second Duke of Gloucester (17761834)
Princess Sophia Matilda of Gloucester (17731844)
George FitzClarence (17941843), illegitimate son of the Duke of Clarence
Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, later Duchess of Cumberland (17781841)
Foreign royalty
Prince Augustus of Prussia (17791843)
Prince Frederick of Prussia (17941863)
Tsar Alexander I of Russia (17771825)