James Kirchick - Secret City: The Hidden History of Gay Washington

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For my family

and

for all those who unburdened themselves of their secret,

so that I did not have to live with mine

A reprobate part of the human whole, but an important part, suspected where it does not exist, flaunting itself, insolent and unpunished, where its existence is never guessed; numbering its adherents everywhere, among the people, in the army, in the church, in the prison, on the throne; living, in short, at least to a great extent, in a playful and perilous intimacy with the men of the other race, provoking them, playing with them by speaking of its vice as of something alien to it; a game that is rendered easy by the blindness or duplicity of the others, a game that may be kept up for years until the day of the scandal, on which these lion-tamers are devoured; until then, obliged to make a secret of their lives

Marcel Proust, Sodom and Gomorrah

There are two histories: the official, lying history, which is taught in schools, history ad usum Delphini; and the secret history, in which the real causes of events are set fortha shameful history.

Honor de Balzac, Scenes from Provincial Life

Gustave Beekman: Brooklyn brothel owner

William Christian Bullitt Jr.: Ambassador to the Soviet Union (193336) and France (193640)

Juan Francisco de Crdenas: Spanish ambassador to the United States

William Wild Bill Donovan: Director, Office of Strategic Services (OSS)

Donald Downes: OSS operative

Allen Dulles: Head of OSS Bern office; director, Central Intelligence Agency (195361)

Morris Ernst: General counsel, American Civil Liberties Union and the New York Post

Lorena Hick Hickok: Reporter, Associated Press

J. Edgar Hoover: Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation

Cordell Hull: Secretary of state

Odessa Madre: Female Al Capone of Washington, DC

Eleanor Josephine Medill Cissy Patterson: Publisher, Washington Times-Herald

Carmel Offie: Aide to Ambassador William C. Bullitt; CIA officer

Drew Pearson: Syndicated columnist, Washington Merry-Go-Round

Baron Wolfgang Gans zu Putlitz: Anti-Nazi German diplomat and spy

Dorothy Schiff: Publisher, New York Post

Clyde Tolson: Associate director, FBI

David Walsh: Senator (D-MA)

Sumner Welles: Undersecretary of state

Joe Alsop: Syndicated columnist, Matter of Fact

James Jesus Angleton: Chief of the office of special operations, CIA

Roy Blick: Director of the Morals division, Metropolitan Police Department

A. Marvin Braverman: Lawyer and walker of Margaret Truman

Guy Burgess: British diplomat and Soviet spy

Whittaker Chambers: Former Soviet spy; senior editor, Time

Francis Flanagan: Chief counsel, Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations

Alger Hiss: State Department official

Clyde Hoey: Senator (D-NC)

Joe McCarthy: Senator (R-WI)

Kenneth Wherry: Senate minority leader (R-NE)

Charles Chip Bohlen: Ambassador to the Soviet Union

Roy Cohn: Chief counsel, Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations

Robert Cutler: Assistant to the president for national security affairs

John Foster Dulles: Secretary of state

Robert Gray: Appointments secretary; secretary of the cabinet

Lester Hunt: Senator (D-WY)

Franklin Kameny: President, Mattachine Society of Washington, DC

William Martin: Cryptologist, National Security Agency

R. W. Scott McLeod: Assistant secretary of state for security and consular affairs

Bernon Mitchell: Cryptologist, National Security Agency

John C. Montgomery: Finnish desk chief, State Department

Margaret Scattergood: Researcher, American Federation of Labor

G. David Schine: Consultant, Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations

Florence Thorne: Director of research, American Federation of Labor

Arthur Vandenberg Jr.: Appointments secretary-designate to the president

Kirk LeMoyne Lem Billings: Best friend of President Kennedy

Ben Bradlee: Newsweek bureau chief (195765); Washington Post executive editor (196891)

Eva Freund: Early member of the Mattachine Society of Washington, DC

John Nichols Sr.: Special agent, Federal Bureau of Investigation; father of Jack Nichols

John Jack Nichols Jr.: Cofounder, Mattachine Society of Washington, DC

Bayard Rustin: Chief organizer of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

Gore Vidal: Author and playwright

Lilli Vincenz: First lesbian member of the Mattachine Society of Washington, DC

William Walton: Chairman, U.S. Commission of Fine Arts

William Wieland: Director, Office of Middle American Affairs, State Department

Herman Lynn Womack: Publisher, Guild Press

Katharine Graham: Publisher, Washington Post

Walter Jenkins: Special assistant to the president

Bill Moyers: Special assistant to the president

Robert Waldron: Legislative assistant to Congressman Homer Thornberry and, later, Representative J. J. Jake Pickle

Dwight Chapin: Deputy assistant to the president

Murray Chotiner: Nixon political strategist

John Ehrlichman: White House counsel

H. R. Bob Haldeman: White House chief of staff

Steve Martindale: Lawyer and socialite

Robert Robbie Merritt: FBI informant

Ray Price: Special assistant to the president and chief speechwriter

Nancy Tucker: Cofounding editor, Gay Blade

Oliver Sipple: Former marine

Robert Bauman: Congressman (R-MD)

Lou Chibbaro Jr.: Senior reporter, Washington Blade

Margaret Midge Costanza: Special assistant to the president for public liaison

Jon Hinson: Congressman (R-MS)

Bobby Ray Inman: Director, National Security Agency

Jean OLeary: Co-executive director, National Gay Task Force

Jamie Shoemaker: Cryptologist, National Security Agency

Bill Best