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Andrew Cohen - Lost Beneath the Ice: The Story of HMS Investigator

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Andrew Cohen Lost Beneath the Ice: The Story of HMS Investigator
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The story of the bold voyage of HMS Investigator and the modern-day discovery of its wreck by Parks Canadas underwater archaeologists.

When Sir John Franklin disappeared in the Arctic in the 1840s, the British Admiralty launched the largest rescue mission in its history. Among the search vessels was HMS Investigator, which left England in 1850 under the command of Captain Robert McClure. While the ambitious McClure never found Franklin, he and his crew did discover the fabled Northwest Passage.

Like Franklins ships, though, Investigator disappeared in the most remote, bleak and unknown place on Earth. For three winters, its 66 souls were trapped in the unforgiving ice of Mercy Bay. They suffered cold, darkness, starvation, scurvy, boredom, depression and madness. When they were rescued in 1853, Investigator was abandoned.

For more than a century and a half, the ships fate remained a mystery. Had it been crushed by the ice or swept out to sea? In 2010, Parks Canada sent a team of archaeologists to Mercy Bay to find out. It was a formidable challenge, demanding expertise and patience. There, off the shores of Aulavik National Park, they found Investigator.

Lost Beneath the Ice is a tale of endurance, daring, deceit, courage, and irony. It is a story about a tempestuous crew, their mercurial captain, cynical surgeon and kind-hearted missionary. In the end, McClure found fame but lost his ship, some of his crew and much of his honour. Written with elegance and authority, illustrated with archival imagery and startling underwater photographs of Investigator and its artifacts, this is a sensational story of discovery and intrigue in Canadas Arctic.

Andrew Cohen is a best-selling author and award-winning journalist. Among his books are While Canada Slept, a finalist for the Governor Generals Literary Award, The Unfinished Canadian, and Extraordinary Canadians: Lester B. Pearson. He writes a nationally syndicated column for The Ottawa Citizen and comments regularly on CTV. A professor of journalism and international affairs at Carleton University, he is founding president of the Historica-Dominion Institute. He has twice received Queens Jubilee Medals.

Andrew Cohen: author's other books


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Dated October 8 1850 this dramatic painting by Lieutenant Gurney Cresswell - photo 1

Dated October 8, 1850, this dramatic painting by Lieutenant Gurney Cresswell shows Investigator trapped in ice and dwarfed by massive floes.

Copyright Copyright Parks Canada 2013 All rights reserved No part of this - photo 2
Copyright Copyright Parks Canada 2013 All rights reserved No part of this - photo 3
Copyright

Copyright Parks Canada, 2013

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise (except for brief passages for purposes of review) without the prior permission of Dundurn Press and Parks Canada. Permission to photocopy should be requested from Access Copyright.

Project Editor: Diane Young

Editors: Bob Chodos, Ginny Freeman MacOwan, Susan Joanis

Design: Courtney Horner

Epub Design: Carmen Giraudy

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Cohen, Andrew, 1955-, author

Lost beneath the ice : the story of HMS Investigator

/ by Andrew Cohen.

Issued in print and electronic formats.

ISBN 9781459719514

1. Arctic regions--Discovery and exploration. 2. Northwest

Passage--Discovery and exploration. 3. Search and rescue operations-

Arctic regions. 4. Investigator (Ship). 5. Franklin, John, 1786-1847-

Travel--Arctic regions. I. Title.

G660.C64 2013 919.804 C2013-902966-4

C2013-902967-2

We acknowledge the support of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario - photo 4

We acknowledge the support of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council for our publishing program. We also acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund and Livres Canada Books, and the Government of Ontario through the Ontario Book Publishing Tax Credit and the Ontario Media Development Corporation.

Care has been taken to trace the ownership of copyright material used in this book. The author and the publisher welcome any information enabling them to rectify any references or credits in subsequent editions.

J. Kirk Howard, President

The publisher is not responsible for websites or their content unless they are owned by the publisher.

Visit us at: Dundurn.com
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@dundurnpress
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C O N T E N T S Trapped in Ice The Age of Arctic Exploration Investigator s - photo 5
C O N T E N T S

Trapped in Ice

The Age of Arctic Exploration

Investigator s Journey

Getting There

Getting Stuck

Getting Home

The Initial Discovery

A Closer Examination

Bibliography

B I B L I O G R A P H Y

Armstrong, Alexander. A Personal Narrative of the Discovery of the North-West Passage: with numerous incidents of travel and adventure during nearly five years continuous service in the Arctic regions while in search of the expedition of Sir John Franklin. London: Hurst and Brackett, 1857.

Grant, Shelagh D. Polar Imperative: A History of Arctic Sovereignty in North America . Toronto: Douglas & MacIntyre, 2010.

McClure, Robert. The Discovery of the Northwest Passage . Edited by S. Osborn. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans 1856. Reprint, Edmonton: Hurtig, 1969.

Miertsching, Johann. Frozen Ships: The Arctic Diary of Johann Mierstching, 18501854 . Translated and edited by L.H. Neatby. Toronto: Macmillan, 1967.

Payton, Brian. The Ice Passage: A True Story of Ambition, Disaster, and Endurance in the Arctic Wilderness . Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 2009.

Sandler, Martin W. Resolute: The Epic Search for the Northwest Passage and John Franklin, and the Discovery of the Queens Ghost Ship . London: Sterling, 2008.

C O N T E M P O R A R Y I M A G E S
Part of the Underwater Archaeology Services team stands on a polar map on the - photo 6

Part of the Underwater Archaeology Services team stands on a polar map on the floor of the Inuvik airport. Left to right: Thierry Boyer, Jonathan Moore, Filippo Ronca, Marc-Andr Bernier, Ryan Harris.

Investigator was found off the shores of what is now Aulavik National Park - photo 7

Investigator was found off the shores of what is now Aulavik National Park, pictured here.

The rushing waters of Mercy River Falls in Aulavik National Park provided fresh - photo 8

The rushing waters of Mercy River Falls in Aulavik National Park provided fresh water to the team of archaeologists.

A map of the area including Aulavik National Park and the town of Inuvik The - photo 9

A map of the area, including Aulavik National Park and the town of Inuvik. The park is located on Banks Island in the Northwest Territories. McClures Cache and an archaeological site from the Paleoeskimo period are both found within its boundaries. Investigator rests approximately 8 metres from the surface of Mercy Bay, just offshore of Aulavik National Park. Sachs Harbour is the only community on the island. Inuvik is the largest town in the western Arctic and is considered a gateway to the region.

Gyrfalcon Bluff on the shore of Mercy Bay in Aulavik National Park A - photo 10

Gyrfalcon Bluff, on the shore of Mercy Bay, in Aulavik National Park.

A detailed map of Aulavik National Park with Mercy Bay appearing near the top - photo 11

A detailed map of Aulavik National Park, with Mercy Bay appearing near the top right.

Ryan Harris examines the davit stanchion found on the east shore of Mercy Bay - photo 12

Ryan Harris examines the davit stanchion found on the east shore of Mercy Bay. When the team first arrived in Mercy Bay in 2010, there was a fair amount of ice in the bay and they were discouraged that they could not immediately start searching the water. But this artifact, found on the land, was their first indication that they were very close to a shipwreck.

In 2011 the team generated a three-dimensional image of the ship using a - photo 13

In 2011, the team generated a three-dimensional image of the ship, using a technique called photogrammetry, in which images are stitched together.

This underwater image shows the bow of Investigator as seen from the port side - photo 14

This underwater image shows the bow of Investigator as seen from the port side, along with the anchor chain.

A close-up of Investigator s stern shows the gudgeon and draft marks This - photo 15
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