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J. Williams Ab Ithel - Barddas: A Collection of Original Documents, Illustrative of the Theology Wisdom, and Usages of the Bardo-Druidic Systems of the Isle of Britain

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J. Williams Ab Ithel Barddas: A Collection of Original Documents, Illustrative of the Theology Wisdom, and Usages of the Bardo-Druidic Systems of the Isle of Britain
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Serious students of Druidism and Paganism, as well as Celtic historians, are sure to include Barddas in their libraries. Barddas contains the only extant description of Bardo-Druidic Celtic philosophy. It is a metaphysical and spiritual description of beliefs handed down by word of mouth by Druidic initiates from before the Roman occupation of the British isles.

Culled from 16th-century notes and compiled into book form, Barddas reveals a belief system with a wide range of influences, including Judeo-Christian and ancient Roman. Yet there are beliefs and views expressed within that appear to be unique to Celtic thought and oddly similar to Eastern traditions.

On its publication in the 19th century, Barddas stirred controversy. Some critics claimed that it was completely made up or based on forgeries. Others defended it by pointing out similarities to other surviving Celtic documents with clear provenance.

Photo-offset from the first printing, this edition of Barddas includes the original Welsh on verso pages with the English translation running on the recto pages.

John Matthews, popular writer about all things Celtic, provides an introduction outlining the history and contemporary importance of Barddas.

J. Williams Ab Ithel: author's other books


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This edition first published in 2004 by Red WheelWeiser LLC York Beach ME - photo 1

This edition first published in 2004 by Red WheelWeiser LLC York Beach ME - photo 2

This edition first published in 2004 by
Red Wheel/Weiser, LLC
York Beach, ME
With offices at:
368 Congress Street
Boston, MA 02210
www.redwheelweiser.com

Introduction copyright 2004 Red Wheel/Weiser, LLC
All rights reserved. No part of the introduction may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Red Wheel/Weiser, LLC. Reviewers may quote brief passages. Originally published for The Welsh MSS Society in 1862 and 1874 by D.J. Roderic, London.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Iolo Morganwg, 17471826
The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg: a collection of original documents, illustrative of the theology, wisdom, and usages of the Bardo-Druidic system of the Isle of Britain / J. Williams ab Ithel, editor.
p. cm.
ISBN 1-57863-307-9 (alk. paper)
1. Bards and bardism. 2. Druids and Druidism. 3. Celtic literatureHistory and criticism. 4. Civilization, Celtic. I. Tide: Barddas. II.
Williams, John 18111862. III. Title.
PB1097.158 2004
891.6'609--dc22
2004042738

Printed in the United States
MV

11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.481992 (R1997).

ADVANCE PRAISE FOR BARDDAS

The central document of the nineteenth-century Druid Revival, and a major source for Druids throughout the Western world since its original publication, The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg combines medieval Welsh bardic traditions with Iolo Morganwg's own brilliant innovations into an extraordinary tapestry of Druid teaching full of unexpected insights and visionary wisdom. Weiser Books is to be commended for putting this classic text of modern Druid spirituality into the hands of a new generation of seekers and scholars.

John Michael Greer, Ancient Order of Druids in America and coauthor of Learning Ritual Magic

Whatever the origins of the writings collected here, Barddas is a magical brew, blending ancient mystery with revolutionary ideas, splashed with caustic humour, obsession, genius, vision, and laudanum. With modern Druidic philosophy and spirituality so shaped by individual inspiration, having accessible all the available sources is essential, and this is certainly one. A neat presentation, it benefits, too, from a clear introduction by Matthews, one of the foremost thinkers on this fascinating subject.

Emma Restall Orr, Head of the Druid Network

Barddas by John Williams ab Ithel written in 1862 is the fictional and factual story about Druidry originally written by a most controversial character named Iolo Morganwg. This wonderful book, long out of print, is enhanced by Celtic scholar John Matthews whose introduction to the book is priceless in itself Nothing has influenced modern revivalist Druidry more than Barddas. This book deserves an honored place in the library of anybody interested in the Druids.

John F. Gilbert, Ph.D., Druidry professor for over 30 years at the Universal Seminary

One of the archetypal spiritual teachers is the Trickster, whose daring and eccentricity pushes us to explore life in ever-increasing depth. Iolo Morganwg was such a tricksterat times infuriating, at times inspiredand through his writings he has profoundly influenced the development of modern Druidism and Celtic spirituality. At last in this edition much of his work is again available, and combined here with John Matthews's wide-ranging introduction, Iolo's words and ideas can once more intrigue a new generation of readers.

Philip Carr-Gomm, Chief of the Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids, author of The Druid Mysteries, Druidcraft, and The Druid way

This book will be of interest to students of the history of the modern Druid revival, especially as it has developed in England. The author of Barddas, Iolo Morganwg, was a notorious forger and opium (laudanum) addict and as such his works cannot be relied upon for genuine Druid material with any convincing link to the Druids of antiquity.

Thankfully John Matthews has written an introduction that honestly discusses the problems with Morganwg's scholarship: his drug-enhanced imagination and the fact that it is nearly impossible to separate fact from fiction in his writings. Other modern authors who claim to write about genuine Druids from antiquity have not been as honest, preferring to cite Iolo as an authentic and unquestioned source.

This is a text that will be useful to scholars so long as they have a good grounding in the archaeology and history of the ancient Druids. However, Iolo deserves credit for popularizing the ancient Celtic religion in a way that continues to inspire modern neo-Druids to this day.

Ellen Evert Hopman, author of A Druid's Herbal for the Sacred Earth Year, and Tree Medicine, Tree Magic

INTRODUCTION

Iolo Morganwg and the Dream of Other Days

Barddas has been controversial almost since its publication in 1862. It has been used to support the wildest theories of Celtic origins and drawn upon by revivalist Druids to support claims of authenticity. Yet much of the material included here is known to be forged and to have come from the pen of one of the most fertile minds in the history of 19th-century Welsh literature. Today it holds a curious place in the history of Celtic traditionadmired by some, reviled by others, at once held up as an example of outright forgery or treated with cautious reverence.

The name that appears on the cover and title page of the original edition is J[ohn] Williams ab Ithel (18111862). But this man, a celebrated antiquary and patriot who did much to foster an interest in Welsh culture among the literati, is not the author, but the editor. All of the material in the original two volumes (here bound as one) was either written or compiled by another man, better known today by his self-applied bardic nameIolo Morganwg (Iolo of Glamorgan).

It is impossible to discuss the history of ancient Celtic literature without reference to Iolo, who probably did more to keep alive its heritage than any other person before or since. Despite this, his work offers numerous problems to the would-be commentator, since it is often difficult to tell what was written by Iolo in the 18th century and what is genuinely ancient material. Yet the life and times of this remarkable man not only provide a context for his work, but open a window onto Barddas itself, and to the age that shaped its contents.

THE MAKING OF A BARD

Born Edward Williams at Pennon, near Llancarvon in the area of South Wales known as Glamorgan, in 1747 Iolo was the son of Edward Williams Sr., a respected stone mason, and Anne Matthews, who came from a well-to-do family but who seemed to have been something of a poor relationa fact which she never ceased to bemoan. This was an attitude she passed on to her son, who may well have derived a life-long desire to be accepted by the gentry from his mother's knee.

Anne Matthews in fact claimed descent from an ancient Welsh family, the Rees Brydydds, which had produced several well-known bards in the 15th and 16th centuriesa factor which was to resurface in her son's bardic dreams years later.

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