Samuel Rawson Gardiner - What Gunpowder Plot Was

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WHAT GUNPOWDER PLOT WAS

View of the River Front of the House occupied by Whynniard

The words Princes Chamber, House of Lords, in the foreground
can only mean that those buildings are behind the house.

WHAT GUNPOWDER PLOT WAS

BY

SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER, D.C.L., LL.D.

FELLOW OF MERTON COLLEGE, OXFORD

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON
NEW YORK AND BOMBAY
1897

All rights reserved

WORKS
BY
SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER, D.C.L. LL.D.

HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the Accession of James I. to the Outbreak of the Civil War, 1603-1642. 10 vols. crown 8vo. 6s. each.

A HISTORY OF THE GREAT CIVIL WAR, 1642-1649. 4 vols. crown 8vo. 6s. each.

A HISTORY OF THE COMMONWEALTH AND THE PROTECTORATE. 1649-1660. Vol. I. 1649-1651. With 14 Maps. 8vo. 21s.

A STUDENTS HISTORY OF ENGLAND. From the Earliest Times to 1885.

Vol. I. ( B.C. 55- A.D. 1509.) With 173 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 4s.

Vol. II. (1509-1689.) With 96 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 4s.

Vol. III. (1689-1885.) With 109 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 4s.

Complete in One Volume, with 378 Illustrations, crown 8vo. 12s.

A SCHOOL ATLAS OF ENGLISH HISTORY. Edited by Samuel Rawson Gardiner , D.C.L. LL.D. With 66 Coloured Maps and 22 Plans of Battles and Sieges. Fcp. 4to. 5s.

This Atlas is intended to serve as a companion to Mr. S. R. Gardiners Students History of England. In addition to the historical maps of the British Isles, in whole or in part, are others of Continental countries or districts which were the scenes of events connected more or less closely with English History. Indian and Colonial development also obtain due recognition.

CROMWELLS PLACE IN HISTORY, Founded on Six Lectures delivered at Oxford. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

WHAT GUNPOWDER PLOT WAS: a Reply to Father Gerard.

THE FIRST TWO STUARTS AND THE PURITAN REVOLUTION, 1603-1660. 4 Maps. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

THE THIRTY YEARS WAR, 1618-1648. With a Map. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

OUTLINE OF ENGLISH HISTORY, B.C. 55- A.D. 1895. With 67 Woodcuts and 17 Maps. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1789-1795. By Mrs. S. R. Gardiner . With 7 Maps. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO. 39 Paternoster Row, London
New York and Bombay.

---

CONTENTS

CHAPTER	PAGE
Historical Evidence
Guy Fawkess Story
The Later Documentary Evidence
Structural Difficulties
The Discovery
The Government and the Catholics
The Government and the Priests

ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

View of the River Front of the House Occupied By Whynniard

From a Plan of the Ancient Palace of Westminster, by the late Mr. W. Capon

From a Plan of Part of Westminster , 1685

From a Plan of Part of Westminster , 1739

From a Plan of Westminster Hall and the Houses Of Parliament , 1761

East End of the Princes Chamber

Views of the East Side of the House of Lords, &c.

The Four Walls of the so-called Cellar under the House of Lords

---

CHRONOLOGICAL NOTES

(Political events in italics)

1603.	March 24.Accession of James I.
June 17.James informs Rosny of his intention to remit the Recusancy fines.
July 17.James assures a deputation of Catholics that the fines will be remitted.
Aug. 20.Parry writes to announce the overtures of the Nuncio in Paris.
1604.	Feb. 22.Proclamation banishing priests.
March.Catesby imparts the design to Winter.
About the beginning of April.Winter goes to Flanders.
Towards the end of April.Winter returns with Fawkes.
Early in May.The five conspirators take an oath, and then receive the sacrament.
May 24.Agreement for a lease of part of Whynniards block of houses.
June.(Shortly before midsummer Keyes sworn in and intrusted with the charge of the powder at Lambeth).
July 7.The Royal consent given to a new Recusancy Act.
Aug.Executions under the Recusancy Act.
Sept 5.Commission appointed to preside over the banishment of the priests.
Sept. 14.The Council recommends that the Act shall not be put in force against lay Catholics.
Nov. 28.Fines required from thirteen Catholics rich enough to pay 20l. a month.
About Dec.Bates sworn.
About Dec. 11.The five conspirators begin to dig the mine.
Before Christmas.The diggers having reached the wall of the House of Lords, suspend their work.
1605.	Jan.The day cannot be fixed.John Grant and Robert Winter sworn.
About Jan. 18.Work resumed.
Jan.Christopher Wright and Keyes brought to join in the work.
About Feb. 2.Wall of House of Lords excavated halfway through.
Feb. 10.James orders that the Recusancy Act be fully executed.
March, before Lady Day.The conspirators begin to work a third time, but finding that the cellar is to let, hire it, and having moved the powder into it, disperse.
Oct. 26.Monteagle receives the letter.
27.Ward informs Winter.
28.Winter informs Catesby.
30.Tresham returns to London.
31.Winter summons Tresham.
Nov. 1.Meeting of Tresham with Catesby and Winter.
2.Winter meets Tresham at Lincolns Inn.
3.Meeting behind St. Clements.
4.Percy goes to Sion. Fawkes taken.
5.Flight of the conspirators.
6.Arrival at Huddington at 2 P.M.
7.Arrival at Holbeche at 10 P.M.
8.Capture at Holbeche.

---

WHAT GUNPOWDER PLOT WAS

CHAPTER I

HISTORICAL EVIDENCE

In What was the Gunpowder Plot? The Traditional Story tested by Original Evidence, Father Gerard has set forth all the difficulties he found while sifting the accessible evidence, and has deduced from his examination a result which, though somewhat vague in itself, leaves upon his readers a very distinct impression that the celebrated conspiracy was mainly, if not altogether, a fiction devised by the Earl of Salisbury for the purpose of maintaining or strengthening his position in the government of the country under James I. Such, at least, is what I gather of Father Gerards aim from a perusal of his book. Lest, however, I should in any way do him an injustice, I proceed to quote the summary placed by him at the conclusion of his argument:

The evidence available to us appears to establish principally two points: that the true history of the Gunpowder Plot is now known to no man, and that the history commonly received is certainly untrue.

It is quite impossible to believe that the Government were not aware of the Plot long before they announced its discovery.

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