Thomas J. Hutchinson - Ten Years of Wanderings Among the Ethiopians

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TEN YEARS' WANDERINGS

AMONG THE ETHIOPIANS

CASS LIBRARY OF AFRICAN STUDIES

TRAVELS AND NARRATIVES

No. 28

Editorial Adviser: JOHN RALPH WILLIS

TEN YEARS' WANDERINGS

AMONG THE ETHIOPIANS

WITH SKETCHES OF
THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE
CIVILIZED AND UNCIVILIZED TRIBES, FROM
SENEGAL TO GABOON

THOMAS J. HUTCHINSON

First published by Frank Cass Publishers

Published 2005 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY, 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

First edition 1861
New impression 1967

ISBN 13: 978-0-714-61817-3

ABORIGINAL WEDDING AT FERNANDO PO.

TEN YEARS' WANDERINGS

AMONG THE ETHIOPIANS;

WITH SKETCHES OF THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE CIVILIZED
AND UNCIVILIZED TRIBES, FROM SENEGAL TO GABOON.

WATERFALL AT BATANGA.

BY THOMAS J. HUTCHINSON, F.R.G.S.;

FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE; FELLOW OF THE ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY; H.B.M.'S
CONSUL FOR THE BIGHT OF BIAFRA AND THE ISLAND OF FERNANDO PO; MEMBRE TITULAIRE DE
L'INSTITUT D'AFRIQUE; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE LIVERPOOL LITERARY AND
PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY; AUTHOR OF NIGER, TSHADDA, BINUEEXPLORATION,
IMPRESSIONS OF WESTERN AFRICA, &C.

LONDAN:
HURST AND BLACKETT, PUBLISHERS,
SUCCESSORS TO HENRY COLBURN,
13, GREAT MARLBOROUGH STREET.
1861.

The right of Translation is reserved.

TO

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE

WILLIAM BINGHAM BARING,

LORD ASHBURTON, F.R.S.,

PRESIDENT OF THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY,

THIS VOLUME IS,

WITH HIS LORDSHIP'S GRACIOUS PERMISSION,

RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED,

BY

THE AUTHOR.

PREFACE.

______

WITHOUT any fear or trembling, I come before the public with my third contribution to literature on the subject of Africa.

If I be accused of sketching in this volume a less favourable portraiture of the African character than I have done in either of my former works, I shall only advance the plea of never having set forth anything in my description of these people but the naked and unadorned truth as it stood before me.

That I have met native Africans conscious of their own inferiority, and anxious for knowledge to develop the industrial riches of their country, I have already confessed,that the slave population is destined to be the future working power in drawing forth Africa's resources for their own and their country's good, I still hold as an abiding faiththat I have witnessed a cannibalistic sacrifice during the past year in one of the most important commercial ports of the Bight of Biafra, these pages will attest to the reader.

More than three hundred years have passed since Shakspeare made the Prince of Morocco thus address Portia, the rich heiress in the play of the Merchant of Venice :

Mislike me not for my complexion,
The shadowed livery of the burnished sun,
To whom I am a neighbour, and nigh bred.
Bring me the fairest creature northward born,
Where Phbus' fires scarce thaw the icicles,
And let us make incision for your love,
To prove whose blood is reddesthis or mine.

Despite of the opinion recently given in a work by Dr. Bucknill, On the Medical Knowledge of Shakspeare, that the bard, who wrote not for an age, but for all time, had sound views in physiology and pathology, the foregoing extract from his writings leads me to doubt it, even after making a broad allowance for poetic license. In our days more is required to enable us to judge of the attributes of humanity than the colour of a man's blood; and although any negro between Cape Bojador and the Cape of Good Hope may possess as healthy life fluid as the most vigorous member of the Caucasian tribe, it gives me pain to feel obliged to record facts that prove the Ethiopian is not exactly a man and brother in that sense of perfect equality which the mistaken enthusiasts who advocate the claims of his race represent him to be.

Yet, amid such anomalies as I feel it my duty to describe here, it is my impression that the little which is known of the vast continent of Africaeven with the labours of Livingstone, Barth, Burton, and Spekemay be considered but as a drop in the great ocean of discovery lying hid, and some day to be brought to light. When such an occurrence as the butchery at Bonny comes to our knowledge, only in the present year, who would presume to define the limits of the strange things yet to be revealed?

Not I, at all events. For every day of my ten years' connexion with Africa brought to light some feature of the country, or of the people, whereof I had previously been ignorant. Indeed, so sombre is the cloud of mystery enveloping all things in that land of heathen darkness, that it was only within the last eighteen months I became cognizant of the facts connected with the horrible system of anthropophagy prevailing there

If I am asked to suggest a remedy for the barbarity of the people amongst whom this custom exists, I freely confess I have none to offer.

For I pin my faith to an axiom laid down by one of the critics [The Spectator, March 20th, 1858] of my Impressions of Western Africa that neither slave-dealing nor marsh-malaria causes human sacrifices or gross superstitions, accompanied by grosser crimesleaving the reader to deduce his own inferences from my Ten Years' Wanderings.

THE ROSERY, BROADWAY, WEXFORD.

CONTENTS.

______

Domestic Slavery of Western AfricaDifference between this and the Foreign Export of SlavesIts Varied PhasesWomen Palm-Oil Trading CockswainsPull-a-boysEmancipated ServantsBlood-menEgbo-bosMangangas Dikuku Mikuka BangoloOf Domestic Slavery at LagosAt Cape Coast, and in the Yoruba CountryOf the Pawning System in these Places Domestic Slavery regarded as a Natural Institution by Rev. Mr. WilsonSocial Phase in BonnyImportance of considering seriously the Pawning System as an Incipient of Civilization

Opinion of Archbishop Whately on Savage CivilizationAfrican Faculty of ImitationPeculiarity of Anglo-African Idioms Specimen of Grumbling Anglo-AfricanismOf the Mendicant Of the AmatoryOf the DidacticOf the Pathetically SublimeOf the Grotesquely ArtisticOf the Historically DescriptivePresent Development of Mental Intelligence in Native AfricansSir Henry Huntley's OpinionOur Examination into the Proofs for or against

The Republic of LiberiaSentiments of Frederika Bremer about itIts establishment on the unmixed Negro element a great mistakeRev. E. Blyden's Vindication of the African RaceCases of Defection amongst the Colonists of LiberiaIts Causes explained by Mr. BlydenHis Condemnation of the Deference shown to White MenCases of Intellectual Development amongst the Native AfricansContrast between African and Caucasian mental superiority and obtusenessPosition of Liberia investing its people with the power of goodDepressing state of things along the Gold CoastHuman Sacrifices at New Kalabar, Aboh, Brass, and Old KalabarThe god country of the Brass peopleBrutality of Human Sacrifice up the NigerPunishment for Murder at Fernando PoFirst Articles of War issued by Richard Cur de LionSacrifices in the Interior of Africa recorded by Dr. LivingstoneHeartless Wholesale Murder at BonnyHomopathic Punishment for Offences in New KalabarThe Long Ju-ju CountryMode of Execution at New Kalabar

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