C. R. (Claude Reignier) Conder - Tent Work in Palestine

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Every attempt has been made to replicate the original as printed. No attempt has been made to correct or normalize the spelling of non-English words. Some typographical errors have been corrected; . In certain versions of this etext, in certain browsers, clicking on this symbol will bring up a larger version of the image. (etext transcriber's note)

TABOR.
TABOR.

Tent Work in Palestine.

A Record of Discovery and Adventure.

BY
CLAUDE REIGNIER CONDER, R.E.,
OFFICER IN COMMAND OF THE SURVEY EXPEDITION.

Published for the Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.

With Illustrations by J. W. Whymper.

New Edition.

LONDON:
RICHARD BENTLEY & SON, NEW BURLINGTON STREET,
Publishers in Ordinary to Her Majesty the Queen.
1887.
[All Rights Reserved.]

TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS
T H E P R I N C E OF W A L E S
This Work is Dedicated,
WITH HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS GRACIOUS PERMISSION,
BY THE AUTHOR.

PREFACE.

THE Survey of Western Palestine was commenced under Captain Stewart, R.E., in January, 1872. Ill-health obliged that officer to return almost immediately. Lieutenant Conder, R.E., was appointed to the command, and arrived in Palestine in the summer of the same year. The work meantime had been conducted under the charge of the late Mr. C. F. Tyrwhitt Drake.

Lieutenant Conder returned to England in October, 1875, having surveyed 4700 square miles.

The remaining 1300 square miles of the Survey were finished by Lieutenant Kitchener in 1877.

The present volume contains Lieutenant Conders personal history of his work, without specially entering on the scientific results. These will be published with the great map in the form of memoirs, twenty-six in number, one to every sheet.

Lieutenant Conders conclusions and proposed identifications are, it will be understood, his own. The Committee do not, collectively, adopt the conclusions of any of their officers.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER	PAGE
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
THE ROAD TO JERUSALEM
SHECHEM AND THE SAMARITANS
THE SURVEY OF SAMARIA
THE GREAT PLAIN OF ESDRAELON
THE NAZARETH HILLS
CARMEL AND ACRE
SHARON
DAMASCUS, BAALBEK AND HERMON
SAMSONS COUNTRY
BETHLEHEM AND MAR SABA
JERUSALEM
THE TEMPLE AND CALVARY
JERICHO
THE JORDAN VALLEY
HEBRON AND BEERSHEBA
THE LAND OF BENJAMIN
THE DESERT OF JUDAH
THE SHEPHELAH AND PHILISTIA
GALILEE
THE ORIGIN OF THE FELLAHN
LIFE AND HABITS OF THE FELLAHN
THE BEDAWN
JEWS, RUSSIANS, AND GERMANS
THE FERTILITY OF PALESTINE
THE FUTURE OF PALESTINE

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

TABOR

From the summit of Jebel Dhy. From a water-colour sketch by the Author.

From a sketch by the Author. A theodolite-party at work.

JACOBS WELL

From a sketch made by the Author in the vault over the well; looking south.

TOMB OF PHINEHAS

From a sketch by the Author; looking south-west.

HERODS COLONNADE AT SAMARIA

From a photograph; looking east.

GUEST HOUSE

From a sketch by the Author made in the village of Kuriet-Jit.

VIEW FROM JENIN

From a water-colour sketch by the Author; looking north.

CHURCH OF ST. ANNE, AT SEFFURIEH

From a photograph by Lieut. Kitchener, R.E.; looking east.

CARMEL

From a water-colour sketch by the Author; looking west from near the village of Mujeidil.

CONSTANTINES BASILICA AT BETHLEHEM

From a photograph by Lieut. Kitchener, R.E.; looking east.

MAR SABA

From a photograph; looking north-east.

THE DOME OF THE ROCK

From a photograph; looking north.

THE TEMPLE WALL

From a sketch made by the Author in a chamber outside the west wall, near the north corner.

GILGAL

From a sketch made by the Author on the spot; the view is north-west, over the Plain of Jericho.

DEBIR

From a sketch by the Author; looking south-west.

THE VALLEY OF MICHMASH

From a photograph by Lieut. Kitchener, R.E.; looking east.

ENGEDI

From a sketch by the Author; looking south.

GATH

From a sketch by the Author; looking south-east.

COLUMBARIA, NEAR BEIT JIBRN

From a photograph by Lieut. Kitchener, R.E.

THE SEA OF GALILEE

From a water-colour sketch by the Author; looking north from Kaukab el Hawa.

A DERWSH

From a sketch by the Author.

COSTUMES OF MOSLEM PEASANTRY NEAR SHECHEM

From a sketch by the Author.

MALE DANCERS

From a sketch by the Author.

A BEDAWI WOMAN

From a coloured sketch by the Author.

HAIFA

From a water-colour drawing by the Author. View from the shore west of the German Colony; looking east.

INTRODUCTION.

THE Survey of Palestine was actually commenced at the end of the year 1871. Preliminary reconnaissances of parts of Palestine had been previously made by Captain Anderson, R.E., and Captain Warren, R.E., and the Ordnance Survey of the neighbourhood of Jerusalem, with the line of levels from the Mediterranean to the Dead Sea, and from Jerusalem to Solomons Pools, had been executed by Major Wilson, R.E.

It was by the advice of these experienced explorers that the Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund undertook the Survey of Western Palestine, to the scale of one inch to the mile, the object being the complete examination of the whole country, with an amount of accuracy approaching that of Ordnance work.

The officer to whom this great work was entrusted was Captain Stewart, R.E., and his staff consisted of Sergeant Black and Corporal Armstrong, R.E.; Mr. C. F. Tyrwhitt Drake was also appointed as linguist and archologist to the expedition.

The work met with a most serious check at its commencement. Captain Stewart, arriving in the most unhealthy time of the year, and engaged in a most unhealthy part of the country, while measuring the base line, was struck down with fever and invalided home. The Committee then honoured me with the offer of the command, as his successor, and I was instructed to proceed as soon as possible to Palestine.

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