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Claude Reignier Conder - Palestine (Classic Reprint)

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Book:
Palestine (Classic Reprint)
Author:
Claude Reignier Conder
Publisher:
Forgotten Books
Genre:
Books / Religion
Year:
2009
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(etext transcriber's note)

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The Worlds Great Explorers
and Explorations.

Edited by J. Scott Keltie , Librarian, Royal Geographical Society; H. J. Mackinder , M.A., Reader in Geography at the University of Oxford; and E. G. Ravenstein , F.R.G.S.

PALESTINE.

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A PICTORIAL MAP OF JERUSALEM AND THE HOLY LAND, FOR THE USE OF PILGRIMS.
(From a MS. of the 13th Century in the Burgundian Library at Brussels.)

Frontispiece.

P A L E S T I N E.

BY
MAJOR C. R. CONDER, D.C.L., R.E.
LEADER OF THE PALESTINE EXPLORING
EXPEDITION.
NEW YORK
DODD, MEAD & COMPANY
Publishers

PREFACE.

THE Editors of the present series having done me the honour to ask me briefly to relate the story of Palestine Exploration, and especially of the expeditions which I commanded; and having stipulated that the book should contain not only an account of the more interesting results of that work, but also something of the personal adventures of those employed, I have endeavoured to record what seems of most interest in both respects.

Many things here said will be found at greater length in previous works which I have written, scattered through several volumes amid more special subjects. I hope, however, that the reader will discover also a good deal that is not noticed in those volumes; for the sources of information concerning ancient Palestine are constantly increasing; and, among others, I may mention, that the series of Palestine Pilgrim Texts, edited by Sir Charles Wilson, has added greatly to our knowledge, and has enabled me to understand many things which were previously doubtful.

The full story of the dangers and difficulties through which the work was brought to a successful conclusion cannot be given in these pages, and no one recognises more than I do the imperfections whichas in all human workhave caused it here and there to fall short of the ideal which we set before us. What can, however, be claimed for Palestine exploration is, that the ideal was always as high as modern scientific demands require. The explorations were conducted without reference to preconceived theory, or to any consideration other than the discovery of facts. The conclusions which different minds may draw from the facts must inevitably differ, but the facts will always remain as a scientific basis on which the study of Palestine in all ages must be henceforth founded.

I fear that even now, after so much has been written, the facts are not always well knowncertainly they have often been misrepresented. It is my desire, as far as possible, in these pages to summarise those facts which seem most important, while giving a sketch of the mode of research whereby they were brought to light.

C. R. C.

Note.The maps illustrating this volume have been revised by Major Conder, who is more especially responsible for those of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and of Modern Palestine. The geological sketch-map embodies Major Conders researches, as also the important explorations of Dr. K. Diener in the Lebanon. Ed.

CONTENTS.

CHAP.	PAGE
EXPLORATIONS IN JUDEA
THE SURVEY OF SAMARIA
RESEARCHES IN GALILEE
THE SURVEY OF MOAB
EXPLORATIONS IN GILEAD
NORTHERN SYRIA
THE RESULTS OF EXPLORATION
:
INDEX OF OLD TESTAMENT SITES IDENTIFIED IN PALESTINE
INDEX OF NEW TESTAMENT SITES IDENTIFIED IN PALESTINE

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS.

FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS.
1.	A Pictorial Map of Jerusalem and the Holy Land for the use of Pilgrims (from a MS. of the 13th Century in the Burgundian Library at Brussels)
2.	The Plain of Jericho, as seen from Ai
3.	The Dead Sea (view S.E. of Taiyibeh)
4.	Alphabets of Western Asia
5.	Jebel Sannin (Lebanon)
ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT.
Portrait of Dr. Robinson (from a photograph)
Portrait of Sir C. Wilson (from a photograph by Maull & Fox)
Portrait of Sir C. Warren (from a photograph)
Desert of Beersheba
Kurn Sartaba
The Jordan Valley (Esh el Ghurab)
A Camp in the Jordan Valley
Mount Tabor
Carmel
Nain
The Sea of Galilee
Krak des Chevaliers (Kalat el Hosn)
Moab Mountains from the Plain of Shittim
A Dolmen west of Heshbon
View of Dead Sea from Mount Nebo
Hittites from Abu Simbel
Hamath Stone, No. 1
MAPS (Printed in Colours).
General Map of Palestine	facing page
Physical Map of Palestine
Geological Map of Palestine
Palestine as divided among the Twelve Tribes
Palestine
The Kingdom of Jerusalem, showing the Fiefs, about 1187 A.D.
Modern Palestine, showing the Turkish Provinces
MAPS IN TEXT.
Palestine and Syria according to Ptolemy, c. 100 A.D.
A Section of Peutingers Table
Marin Sanutos Map of the Holy Land, 1321
The Holy Land, from the Atlas of Ortelius, c. 1591

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P A L E S T I N E.

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER.

THE long narrow strip of country on the east shore of the Mediterranean, which in a manner was the centre of the ancient world, has in all ages been a land of pilgrimage. For five hundred miles it stretches from the deserts of Sinai to the rugged Taurus, and its width, shut in between the Syrian deserts and the sea, is rarely more than fifty miles. It can never be quite the same to us as other lands, bound up as it is with our earliest memories, with the Bible and the story of the faith; and it is to the credit of our native land that we have been the first to gather that complete account of the country, of its ancient remains, and of its present inhabitants, which (if we except India) does not exist in equal exactness for any other Eastern land.

The oldest explorer of Palestineif we do not reckon Abrahamwas the brave King Thothmes III., who marched his armies throughout its whole length on his way towards Euphrates. Many are the pilgrims and conquerors who have followed the same great highways along which he went. When, in the early Christian ages, the land became sacred to Europe, the patient pilgrims of Italy, and even of Gaul, journeyed along the shores of Asia Minor, and sometimes were able to reach the Holy City, and to bring back to their homes some account of the country; while in later ages the pilgrims came not singly, but in hosts continually increasing, and finally as crusaders, colonists, and traders.

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