Frederic Shoberl - Austria: Containing a Description of the Manners, Customs, Character and Costumes of the People of That Empire (Classic Reprint

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AUSTRIA.

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WOMEN of SLAVONIA.

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AUSTRIA;
CONTAINING
A DESCRIPTION
OF THE
MANNERS, CUSTOMS, CHARACTER AND
COSTUMES OF THE PEOPLE OF THAT EMPIRE.

BY FREDERICK SHOBERL.

ILLUSTRATED BY
TWELVE COLOURED ENGRAVINGS.

The proper study of mankind is man.Pope.

Philadelphia:
PUBLISHED BY C. S. WILLIAMS.
W. Brown, Printer.
1828.

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PREFACE.

On turning over the pages of this work, some readers may possibly be surprised to find that so large a proportion of the engravings belong to one of the countries composing the Austrian empire. When, however, it is considered that a high degree of civilization tends to assimilate the manners, amusements, and dress of the great mass of the inhabitants of those countries in which it prevails; and that the people of the German states of this empire are scarcely, if at all surpassed in that respect by any nation in Europe; it will be evident that they must exhibit fewer of those peculiar characteristics which it is the object of this work to collect and delineate.

Hungary stands in a very different predicament. Peopled by tribes belonging to many different nations, whose distinctive habits, manners, and prejudices have not been melted down by refinement and cultivation, it affords much more ample materials for the pencil than Austria, properly so called. For this reason, by far the greater part of the embellishments have been selected from among the singular, picturesque and romantic costumes of that kingdom and its dependant provinces.

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CONTENTS.

CHAP.	PAGE
Provinces of the Austrian EmpireTheir Extent and Population	1
Of the different Nations of the Austrian DominionsThe JewsThe GermansThe Slavonians, including the BohemiansThe SlowacksThe Wendes and the Rascians of IllyriaThe Magyares or HungariansThe WalachiansThe Zingares or GipsiesThe ArmeniansThe Greeks, Turks, &c.	2
ReligionsRoman CatholicsGreek ChurchArmeniansProtestantsSociniansJewsMahometans	9
Character of the People of Austria	12
AUSTRIA, LOWER AND UPPER.
Inhabitants of Lower AustriaManners of the People of ViennaAmusementsHousesPopulation and MortalityShopsPaved StreetsThe Fire-WatchCostumes of Upper Austria	16
STYRIA.
Costume of the InhabitantsThe Johannum at Grtz	26
BOHEMIA.
Costumes of the Bohemians	28
MORAVIA.
Costumes of the InhabitantsAccount of the HaunacksPeasants of the Frontiers	30
THE TYROL.
Migrations of the TyroleseTheir FranknessTheir Attachment to the House of AustriaAnecdote of the Archduchess ElizabethLiterary Turn of the TyroleseTheir Extraordinary HonestyFondness for Pugilistic Exercises and the ChaseAncient PracticeMoral CharacterSuperstitionMechanical GeniusPersons and CostumesNational SongsCustom of visiting the Graves of RelationsMarriage Ceremonies of the Tyrolese	32
HUNGARY.
ExtentDivisionConstitutionVast Estates of the MagnatsState of the PeasantryTheir IndolenceThievish Disposition of the HerdsmenPunishmentsHungarian PrisonGeneral Appearance of the Peasants and their Habitations in different CountiesHorned CattleSheepVillage HerdsmenRavages of WolvesGranariesCostumes	49
TRANSYLVANIA.
Extent of PopulationManners of the WalachiansThe GipsiesCostumes	70
BUKOWINA.
Transfer of the Country to AustriaExtentPopulationCostumes	81
THE MILITARY FRONTIERS.
Military ConstitutionCarlstadt FrontierBanal FrontierSlavoniaBanat Frontier	86
GALICIA, OR AUSTRIAN POLAND.
Extent and Nature of the CountryBenefits resulting to the People from the Partition of PolandCruelty and Injustice of the Ancient SystemSuperior Degree of Security enjoyed under the Austrian GovernmentMode of BuildingAppearance of a Polish VillageInnsJewsUncleanliness of the Poles	100

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LIST OF PLATES.

1.	Clementinian Women of Slavonia,	Frontispiece
2.	Peasant of Egra in Winter dress,	to face page
3.	Peasant of the Mountains of Moravia
4.	Tyrolese Hunter
5.	Hungarian Peasant of the County of Weszprim
6.	Armed Plajash
7.	Boyar of Szered
8.	Unmarried Female of Jackobeny
9.	Female Peasant of Philippowan
10.	Tanaszia Dorojevich, Vice Haram-Bassa of the Szeressans
11.	Unmarried Female of Ottochacz
12.	Unmarried Female of Glina

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AUSTRIA.

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CHAPTER. I.

PROVINCES OF THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRETHEIR EXTENT AND POPULATION.

The empire of Austria, one of the most extensive and powerful of the states of Europe, is composed of provinces situated in Germany, Poland and Italy, and embraces the whole of Hungary.

The German dominions of this monarchy consist of Upper and Lower Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Bohemia, Moravia, part of Silesia, and the Tyrol and Salzburg.

In Poland it possesses the kingdom of Galicia.

The Hungarian states are: Hungary proper, Slavonia, Croatia, Dalmatia, Transylvania and the Bukowina.

In Italy, Venice and the Milanese form the Lombard-Venetian kingdom, one of the brightest jewels in the crown of Austria.

The extent and population of these provinces is shown in the subjoined table.

EXTENT AND POPULATION OF THE PROVINCES OF THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE.

German Square miles.	Inhabitants.
The kingdom of Bohemia	956.80	3,203,222
The Margravate of Moravia The duchy of Silesia	417.64 86.85	1,680,935
Austria below the Enns	363.65	1,048,324
Austria above the Enns, including the circles of the Inn and Hausruck and Salzburg	344.32	756,897
The duchy of Styria	398.98	799,056
The duchy of Carinthia	190.90	278,500
Illyria and part of Croatia	250.95	467,836
The Littorale, or Coast District	176.18	422,861
Tyrol and Voralberg	520.44	717,542
The Lombard-Venetian kingdom	867.50	4,111,535
The government of Dalmatia	274.94	295,089
The kingdom of Galicia	1526.12	3,755,454
Civil Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia	4097.06	8,200,000
Civil Transylvania Transylvanian Military Frontiers	1118.70	1,510,000 138,284
Banat Frontiers	186.00	171,657
Slavonian Frontiers	139.40	230,079
Warasdin Military government	67.40	107,217
Carlstadt Military government	166.40	188,906
Banal Regiments

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