A Jews Best Friend? brilliantly documents the way Jews have imagined dogs and in so doing imagined what it means to be a human, a Jew, and an Israeli. A substantial contribution to both Jewish studies and animal studies, the text will be valuable both to research scholars and as an engaging resource for teaching undergraduates about the diverse experience of Jews throughout history. Aaron Gross, Assistant Professor of Theology and Religious Studies, The University of San Diego
This unique, fascinating, and entertaining book is a must read. Evolutionary biologists, archaeologists, and paleontologists have long argued that our four-legged friends played a key role in human survival. Dogs developed a unique genius for sensing human intentions as the interplay between handler and hound shaped canine behavior and our own. From the Exodus through the First and Second Temple periods on to the Diaspora and back to modern Israel, this volume guides the reader by blending cultural, natural, literary and intellectual history that entertains as it educates us about a largely unexplored, unexpected and underappreciated chapter of inter-species co-evolution and the remarkable epic of Jewish history. Glenn Yago, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and The Milken Institute, Los Angeles
On the one hand, traditionally Jews have expressed hostility toward the dog population; this is expressed in a range of classical Jewish sources. However, at the same time there have been ties of mutual affection and nurturing between Jews and dogs. The range of essays in this volume includes such topics as dogs in the biblical, mishnaic and talmudic periods, the dog in the mindset of the Jews of medieval Islam, and dogs in Yiddish proverbs. Original and learned, this collection of studies provides a fascinating insight into a hitherto unexplored dimension of Jewish life. Dan Cohn-Sherbok, Emeritus Professor of Judaism, The University of Wales
Cover illustration: From The Illustrated Bartsch (TIB): Vol. 84, 1483/186 (slightly mis-entitled The Dog Carrying a Piece of Meat), courtesy of Abaris Books.
Phillip I. Ackerman-Lieberman is Assistant Professor of Jewish Studies and Law, and Affiliated Assistant Professor of Islamic Studies and History, at Vanderbilt University. An expert in Jewish and Islamic Law, his book The Business of Identity: Jews, Muslims, and Economic Life in Medieval Egypt is forthcoming from Stanford University Press. Rakefet J. Zalashik is a post-doctoral fellow at the Goldstein-Goren International Center for Jewish Thought at Ben-Gurion University and the Guest Professor for Science and Jewish Studies at the Eidgenssische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zrich. Her first and second books, Ad Nafesh: Refugees, Newcomers and Immigrants (2008) and Das Unselige Erbe: Pscyhaitrie in Palaestina (2012), deal with the history of psychiatry in Israel.
When dogs frolicElijah the Prophet has come to the city. Talmud Bavli, Bava Qamma 60b
We dedicate this book to our dogs
Senta (19952006) and Caleb
Introduction and organization of this volume copyright Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman and Rakefet Zalashik, 2013; all other chapters copyright Sussex Academic Press, 2013, 2014.
Published in the Sussex Academic e-Library, 2014.
SUSSEX ACADEMIC PRESS
PO Box 139
Eastbourne BN24 9BP, UK
and simultaneously in the United States of America and Canada
All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A Jews best friend? : the image of the dog throughout Jewish history / edited
by Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman and Rakefet Zalashik.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-84519-401-7 (h/b : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-1-84519-402-4 (p/b : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-1-78284-049-7 (e-pub)
ISBN 978-1-78284-050-3 (e-mobi)
ISBN 978-1-78284-051-0 (e-pdf)
1. DogsReligious aspectsJudaism. 2. Dogs in the Bible. 3. Bible. O.T. Criticism, interpretation, etc. 4. DogsSocial aspects. 5. Humananimal relationshipsReligious aspects. 6. JewsSocial life and customs.
I. Ackerman-Lieberman, Phillip Isaac, 1970 II. Zalashik, Rakefet, 1973
BM729.D64J482013
296.7dc23
2012011214
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Contents
Rakefet J. Zalashik and Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman
Chapter One
Dog Cult in Persian Period Judea
Meir Edrey
Chapter Two
From Unclean Species to Mans Best Friend: Dogs in the Biblical, Mishnah, and Talmud Periods
Sophia Menache
Chapter Three
Good DogBad Dog: Jews and Their Dogs in Ancient Jewish Society
Joshua Schwartz
Chapter Four
Uncultured, Uncontrolled, and UntrustworthyYet Protective and Productive! The Dog in the Mindset of the Jews of Medieval Islam
Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman
Chapter Five
The Bread, the Children, and the Dogs
Kenneth Stow
Chapter Six
If a Jew Has a Dog : Dogs in Yiddish Proverbs
Robert A. Rothstein
Chapter Seven
A Dog without a People for People without a Dog: Rudolphina Menzel and Canines in Canaan
Susan M. Kahn
Chapter Eight
Only Yesterday: A Hebrew Dog and the Colonial Dynamics in Pre-Mandate Palestine
Uri S. Cohen
Chapter Nine
An Israeli Heroine?: Azit the Canine Paratrooper
Rakefet J. Zalashik
Chapter Ten
Adam Resurrected: A Dogs Journey from the Circus to Asylum
Iftah Biran
Chapter Eleven
Taking the Circumcised Dog by the Throat: A Critical Review of Contemporary Rituals for Dogs in America
Aubrey L. Glazer
Chapter Twelve
Teaching the Jews and the Dog: A Pedagogical Essay
Katharine Baker and Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman
Index
Acknowledgments
This book was birthed in Heyman Hall at New York University, where the two of us shared an office from 20082009 and where we both served as Dorot Fellows in the Skirball Department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies. Skirball is located right across the street from Washington Square Park, which houses two dog parksone for large dogs and one for small onesand so coming to and going from our office almost always afforded us a front row seat for canine social behavior and humandog interactions. Yet the humandog interactions were taken up a notch when Phil began to bring his dog Caleb to the office. Since our office didnt have a window (after all, this