King of Judea Herod I - Herod the Great : statesman, visionary, tyrant

Herod the Great

ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC.

Lanham Boulder New York Toronto Plymouth, UK

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Gelb, Norman.

Herod the Great : statesman, visionary, tyrant / Norman Gelb.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

TISBN 978-1-4422-1065-3 (cloth : alk. paper)ISBN 978-1-4422-1067-7 (electronic)

1. Herod I, King of Judea, 734 B.C. 2. JewsKings and rulersBiography. 3. JewsHistory168 B.C.135 A.D. I. Title.

DS122.3.G45 2012

933'.05092dc23

[B]

2012050655

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.

Printed in the United States of America

To

Noa, Eliya, and Mica

with love

From Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land by George Adam Smith (London, 1915) (http://rbedrosian.com/Maps/)

• Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius, Augustus Caesars chief aide, friend of Herod

• Agrippa I, Herods grandson, king of Judaea (4144 CE)

• Agrippa II, Agrippa Is son, king of territories north of Judaea (48100? CE)

• Alexandra, mother of Miriamne, executed by Herod

• Alexandra Salome, Queen of Judaea (7667 BCE), mother of John Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II

• Alexander, oldest son of Herod and Miriamne, executed by his father

• Antigonus Mattathias, king of Judaea (4037 BCE), deposed by Herod and the Romans

• Antipas, Herods Idumaean grandfather, pagan convert to Judaism

• Antipas II, son of Herod, tetrarch of Galilee and Peraea after Herods death

• Antipater, Herods father and counselor to John Hyrcanus II, named procurator of Judaea by Julius Caesar

• Antipater II, Herods firstborn son, executed by his father

• Archelaus, king of Cappadocia, friend of Herod, Glaphyras father

• Archelaus, son of Herod and his primary heir, tetrarch of Judaea

• Aristobulus I, king of Judaea (104103 BCE), first monarch of the Hasmonean dynasty

• Aristobulus II, younger son of Alexandra Salome, challenged his brother John Hyrcanus II for the throne of Judaea, imprisoned by the Romans

• Aristobulus III, younger son of Herod and Miriamne, executed by his father

• Aristobulus IV, high priest, Alexandras son, Miriamnes brother, killed by Herod

• Augustus Caesar, first Roman emperor, previously called Octavian

• Berenice, Herods niece, Salomes daughter, wife of Aristobulus III, Agrippa Is mother

• Costobarus, Salomes second husband, Idumaean dignitary, executed by Herod

• Cyprus, Herods mother

• Cyprus II, wife of Agrippa I

• Doris, Herods first wife, mother of his firstborn son Antipater, estranged from Herod, reprieved then out of favor again

• Eurycles, Spartan adventurer and provocateur

• Glaphyra, wife of Herods son Alexander, daughter of King Archelaus of Cappadocia

• Herodias, wife of Galilee Tetrarch Antipas, sister of Agrippa I

• John Hyrcanus I, warriorhigh priest and Jewish national leader (135104 BCE), converted Idumaeans, including Herods grandfather, to Judaism

• John Hyrcanus II, high priest and sometime king of Judaea, Miriamnes grandfather, executed by Herod

• Joseph, Herods uncle and brother-in-law, Salomes first husband, executed by Herod

• Joseph, Herods younger brother

• Malchus, king of Nabataea, enemy of Herod

• Malichus, assassin of Herods father Antipater, his murder arranged by Herod

• Malthace, Herods Samaritan wife, mother of Herods heirs Archelaus and Antipas

• Mark Antony, ruler of the Roman east, Herods patron until he was defeated by Octavian

• Miriamne, Herods second wife, executed by Herod

• Nicolaus of Damascus, Herods scholarly counselor and tutor

• Octavian, Julius Caesars heir, later called Augustus Caesar

• Phaesal, Herods older brother

• Pheroras, Herods youngest brother

• Philip, Herods son, inherits tetrarchy of northern territories after Herods death

• Quintilius Varus, Roman governor of Syria

• Salome, Herods sister

• Syllaeus, prominent Nabataean, enemy of Herod