Frank B. Linderman - Old Man Coyote: The Authorized Edition
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Introduction to the Bison Books Edition by Fred W. Voget
Page iv
1931 by Frank B. Linderman Introduction 1996 by the University of Nebraska Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America
The paper in this book meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
First Bison Books printing: 1996 Most recent printing indicated by the last digit below: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Linderman, Frank Bird, 18691938. Old man coyote (Crow) / by Frank B. Linderman; illustrated by Herbert Morton Stoops; introduction to the Bison Books edition by Fred W. Voget.Authorized ed. p. cm. Originally published: New York: John Day Company, 1931. ISBN 0-8032-7964-7 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Crow IndiansFolklore. 2. Crow mythology. I. Title. E99.C92L6 1996 398.2'089'975dc20 96-32438 CIP
Reprinted from the original 1931 edition by the John Day Company, New York.
Page v
To RICHARD LINDERMAN WALLER
Page 1
Introduction
Fred W. Voget
Frank B. Linderman's Old Man Coyote will appeal to a wide readership of laymen and professionals. It is a delightful and informative introduction to the way the Absaroka or Crow Indian buffalo hunters and warriors viewed the world and their place in it. The myths are drawn from a cosmological legacy shared with the Hidatsa, from whom the Crow separated. The selection ranges over dangerous missions, god-like heroes, personal contests of medicine powers, and the mysterious experiences of human beings with Spirit Persons. Sketches of Crow life by Herbert Morton Stoops enliven the text.
The time following the creation, when the earth was young, was a vital moment in the history of Hidatsa and Crow. "Medicine heroes" descended from the heavens and used their sky medicines to overcome life-destroying monsters reigning on earth. Each of these medicine heroes, children of Sun, was made an "orphan" by the death of his mother.
The image of orphans wielding irresistible medicine powers had great appeal, for it meant that at birth, by virtue of a gift of medicine, a person was predestined for great things. Outstanding chiefs seemed to represent fulfillment of the predestined orphan image. "Lost Boy and
Page 2
the Little People" presents a version of the "orphan and big medicine" theme in which dwarfs living in the mountains adopted a waif and bestowed a powerful medicine as a gift.
Linderman brings the mystery and adventure of post-creation times into focus with the medicine exploits of the "orphaned" twins, Lodge-lining and Spring-boy (also known as Two Men), and Old-woman's grandchild, who became Morning Star. The myths also bring out the importance of the sweatlodge ceremony, of sacred numbers in programming action, adoption by a spirit patron, spirit birds as messengers and harbingers of the seasons, and the medicine pipe.
In their personal encounters with Spirit Persons, Crow suppliants were given use-rights to particular medicines and ceremonies. The young man who longed to reach the Southern Homeland of the birds was adopted by the Chief of the Cranes and given a right to his medicine pipe. The medicine pipe was the ultimate instrument bonding a spirit patron and his adopted "son." In taking a puff of tobacco, a Spirit Person obligated himself to take action on behalf of the suppliant, just as a man, touching the pipe to his lips on a fourth offering, abandoned all thought of vengeance for the murder of a relative.
Old Man Coyote (Esahcawata or Esakawuete) did not emerge as the special creator and mentor of the Crows until they separated from their Hidatsa kin and transformed themselves into mounted hunters, warriors, and wealthy traders. This occurred early in the eighteenth century, when they became known as Absaroka, Ravens, and People of the Crow.
Page 3
Their Hidatsa kinsmen did not approve of the identification of the creator, First-worker, with the cunning trickster, Coyote. Yet, First-worker, or Old-man-above, had recreated himself from his dry coyote bones when besting Lone-man for the creator's role on earth. Crow narrators sometimes referred to Old-man-coyote as First-worker, and they depicted him as Sun's assistant or in secondary roles, as impersonators portrayed him in Hidatsa ceremonies.
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