Max Thomson - Quantum Physics for Beginners: Understand the Principal Quantum Physics Theories Explained in a Simple Way. Now you Can Discover the Secrets of the Universe.

QUANTUM PHYSICS FOR BEGINNERS

Understand the principal quantum physics theories explained in a simple way.

Now you can discover the secrets of the Universe.

Max Thomson

Copyright 2020 by Max Thomson
All rights reserved.

This document is geared towards providing exact and reliable information in regards to the topic and issue covered. The publication is sold with the idea that the publisher is not required to render accounting, officially permitted, or otherwise, qualified services. If advice is necessary, legal or professional, a practiced individual in the profession should be ordered. - From a Declaration of Principles which was accepted and approved equally by a Committee of the American Bar Association and a Committee of Publishers and Associations. In no way is it legal to reproduce, duplicate, or transmit any part of this document in either electronic means or printed format. Recording of this publication is strictly prohibited and any storage of this document is not allowed unless with written permission from the publisher. All rights reserved. The information provided herein is stated to be truthful and consistent, in that any liability, in terms of inattention or otherwise, by any usage or abuse of any policies, processes, or directions contained within is the solitary and utter responsibility of the recipient reader. Under no circumstances will any legal responsibility or blame be held against the publisher for any reparation, damages, or monetary loss due to the information herein, either directly or indirectly. Respective authors own all copyrights not held by the publisher. The information herein is offered for informational purposes solely and is universal as so. The presentation of the information is without a contract or any type of guarantee assurance. The trademarks that are used are without any consent, and the publication of the trademark is without permission or backing by the trademark owner. All trademarks and brands within this book are for clarifying purposes only and are owned by the owners themselves, not affiliated with this document.

Table of contents

PREFACE

" Not only is the universe stranger than we think, it's even stranger than we want to think ." _ Werner Heisenberg

Q uantum physics, also known as quantum mechanics or quantum wave mechanics, was born in the late 1800s, It is a study of the atoms' sub-microscopic world and the particles that make them up. In 1800 physicists believed that radiation was a wave phenomenon, and that matter was continuous. They believed in the existence of the ether and had no idea in what was the cause.

The experiments carried out in the late 1800s led to the formulation of quantum physics:

- Discovery of the electron;

- Discovery of X-rays;

- Observation of the photoelectric effect;

- Observation of discrete atomic spectra.

Critical was the interpretation of the black hole radiation spectrum, which led to the breakdown of the equipartition theorem for electromagnetic radiation.

This book deals with the basic theory of the various effects discussed from the first principles in the simplest way. It introduces readers to quantum physics's main ideas and teaches the mathematical methods and techniques used in advanced quantum physics, atomic physics, and laser physics

Note to the reader

T he book can be understood by a reader with little or no previous knowledge of modern and quantum physics.

However, a basic knowledge of the subject and mathematics will undoubtedly help.

The text will help readers learn how the fact that microscopic objects (particles) behave in unusual ways called quantum effects, what the term "quantum" means, and where this idea comes from.

The book does not seek to explore all the concepts of quantum physics but aims to have the predictions and problems explored in it provide a useful starting point for those interested in learning more.

It intends to explore the problems that have been the most influential in the development of quantum physics and in the formulation of what we now call modern quantum physics.

Are you ready to know the most famous quantum physics theories and become a new Sheldon Cooper?

Well!

Enjoy the reading!!

INTRODUCTION

Physics is not a representation of reality, but our way of thinking about it _ Werner Heisenberg

I n the heart of the matter, there is an immense world, made of billions and billions of particles, which escapes our senses and intuition, a world in which not apply the natural physical laws, but something much more complicated and "mysterious": the laws of quantum mechanics. It is a theory so preposterous as to astonish the scientists who invented it.

" Nobody really understands it, " said Richard Feynman, one of the brightest physicists of his generation in 1965.

However, this theory works because it describes the world of atoms and molecules with impeccable precision. Furthermore, it has many applications, from lasers to magnetic resonance imaging. It is suspected that it is some phenomena related to it, such as the tunnel effect that make photosynthesis and, therefore, life possible.

Not only

... quantum mechanics, for its almost "magic," has always fascinated philosophers and scientists. Moreover, today it enters our "daily life" and inspires books, films, and works of art.

However, what is this theory?

Moreover, why is it so important?

Waves that act like particles, particles that cross barriers like ghosts or communicate with each other in a "telepathic" way. This is the strange world that scientists faced when they discovered quantum mechanics.

One of the main characteristics of this theory is quantization. This is the fact that, in the microscopic world, physical quantities such as energy cannot be exchanged "continuously," like a flow of tap water that can be dosed at will, but through "packages" called the "quanta."

Under this property, light is made up of corpuscles of energy called "photons"; and even atoms can absorb this energy only in packets: an atom, for example, can absorb or emit 1 or 2 or 3 or more photons, but not 2.7 photons or half a photon.

This is what happens in the photoelectric effect, according to which a metal struck by the right type of light produces electricity: this phenomenon, discovered at the end of the nineteenth century and explained in 1905 by Einstein, is based on the operation of modern photovoltaic panels.